57个文冠果种源在新疆的引种栽培表现

Introduction and Cultivation Performance of 57 Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Provenances in Xinjiang

为筛选出适宜在新疆栽培的文冠果优良种源,对引进的57个种源的结实性状进行调查,测定不同种源优良单株的种子产量和品质,通过多重比较评价和筛选,并分析种源地地理气象因子与栽培表现的相关性。结果显示:在19个文冠果实生种源中有丰产型种源7个、优质型种源6个及丰产优质型种源1个。在38个文冠果无性系种源中有丰产型种源9株、优质型种源17株、丰产优质型种源3株。宁夏银川、甘肃兰州、内蒙古赤峰和黑龙江牡丹江的气候特点与新疆石河子相似,甘肃和青海种源的种子产量较高,黑龙江和宁夏种源的种子品质较好,符合气候相似性原理。纬度与单粒重、种子重、种仁重呈现显著正相关,1月平均气温、极端最低温、≥10℃积温和年蒸发量均与百粒重显著负相关。高纬度、低温、低蒸发量地区种源种子的品质较好,高温、高积温、长无霜期地区种源种子的品质较差。实生种源中,优良种源类型是1号、牡丹江和椅系,优良种源是1号。无性系种源中,优良种源类型是山东潍坊高产种源、甘肃种源、青海种源、黑龙江种源和宁夏种源,优良种源是G-11、Q-8、G-29。

In order to screen excellent Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge provenances suitable for cultivation in Xinjiang,the fruiting characteristics of 57 introduced provenances were investigated.First,excellent individual plants from different provenances were identified,then,the seed yield and quality were measured,after that,the variance analysis and multiple comparison were used to evaluation and screening,finally,the correlation between the geographical and meteorological factors of the provenance and the cultivation performance were analyzed.The results showed that:among the 19 seedling provenances of X.sorbifolia Bunge,there were 7 high-yield provenances,6 high-quality provenances,and 1 high-yield and high-quality provenance in the seed provenances.Among the 38 clonal provenances of X.sorbifolia Bunge,there were 9 high-yield provenances,17 high-quality provenances and 3 high-yield and high-quality provenances in the clonal provenances.The climate characteristics of Yinchuan in Ningxia,Lanzhou in Gansu,Chifeng in Inner Mongolia,and Mudanjiang in Heilongjiang are similar to Shihezi in Xinjiang,the seed yield of Gansu and Qinghai provenances were higher,and the seed quality of Heilongjiang and Ningxia provenances were better,which conforms to the principle of climate similarity.Latitude is significantly positively correlated with single seed weight,seed weight and kernel weight.Average temperature in January,extreme minimum temperature,accumulated temperature≥10℃and annual evaporation are significantly negatively correlated with 100-seed weight.The quality of provenance seeds in high latitude,low temperature and low evaporation areas is better,while the quality of provenance seeds in high temperature,high accumulated temperature and long frost free period areas is worse.In the seed provenance,the excellent provenance types are No.1,Mudanjiang and Yi series,the excellent provenance is No.1.In the clonal provenance,the excellent provenance types are Shandong Weifang high yield provenance,Gansu provenance,Qinghai provenance,Heilongjiang provenance and Ningxia provenance,the excellent provenances are G-11,Q-8 and G-29.