火烧迹地不同恢复方式对云南松木蠹象时空分布的影响

Spatio-temporal Distribution of Pissodes yunnanensis under Different Restoration Methods in Burned Areas

为了评估云南松林过火后人工干预恢复和自然恢复区域的云南松木蠹象的动态,于2020年5月底—2021年6月初,在云南省云龙县火烧迹地采用马来氏网自动收集昆虫的方法,进行为期1年的收集调查和数据分析。结果显示:(1)调查周期内,共采集到云南松木蠹象成虫205头;年周期动态分析发现,该虫主要出现于6—11月,9月达到峰值。(2)基于不同恢复方式分析发现,人工恢复区域云南松木蠹象的多度明显多于自然恢复区域。进一步对不同月份和不同地形间云南松木蠹象多度进行比较分析发现,在时间尺度上差异不显著,而空间上有显著性差异。(3)在不同的山脊中,人工恢复区域山脊的木蠹象多度显著高于自然恢复区域;阴坡、阳坡木蠹象多度的趋势与山脊的结果相似。此外,随着海拔升高云南松木蠹象数量也呈现递增趋势,且3条海拔样线间的虫口数量在两种研究样地间均有显著差异。(4)云南松幼树的覆盖度与云南松木蠹象多度呈显著正相关,云南松幼树的覆盖度可能是造成云南松木蠹象数量差异的主要原因。研究结果为云南松的林火后恢复提供参考。

To evaluate the dynamics of Pissodes yunnanensis in the areas of man-made disturbance(interference restoration)and natural restoration after pine forest fire,one-year investigation was carried out in burned areas in Yunlong County,Dali by using Malaise trap method from the May 2020 to the June 2021.The results showed:(1)205 adults were collected.The annual cycle dynamic analysis showed that P.yunnanensis mainly appeared from June to November,and peaked in September.(2)Based on the different restoration methods,the abundance of P.yunnanensis in the interference restoration area was significantly higher than that in the natural restoration area.Further analysis of the temporal distribution(different months)and spatial distribution(different terrain)showed that there is no significant difference in the temporal scale,but significant difference in the spatial scale.(3)Among the different ridges,the abundance of P.yunnanensis in the interference restoration area was significantly higher than that in the natural restoration area.The trend of the abundance of P.yunnanensis on the shady and sunny slopes was similar to that on the ridge.In addition,the number of P.yunnanensis also showed an increasing trend with the increase of altitude,and there were significant differences in insect numbers among the three elevational transect lines between the two sample plots.(4)There was a significant positive correlation between the coverage of seedling density of Yunnan pine(Pinus yunnanensis)and the number of P.yunnanensis,which further provided the seedling density of Yunnan pine might be the main reason for the variation in the number of P.yunnanensis.Our results provide some scientific reference for the restoration of Yunnan pine forest after fire.