中国莎士比亚中的孔子:以1914—1964年的中国媒体为例

Chinese Shakespeare’s Confucius:Shakespeare in Chinese Media between 1914 and 1964

1914—1964年,中国报纸杂志关于莎士比亚的记载表现出孔子有关学与思的教诲,媒体以莎士比亚之名再现了儒家思想下中国接受莎士比亚的两大维度:知与行,或"六经注我"及"我注六经"。中国莎氏知音视莎翁为获取知识和解决问题的媒介。受孔子正名思想的影响,中国学者认为莎士比亚称号的获致者需具备高尚的德行。此外,中国大学里的莎士比亚演出也体现了孔子信而好古和克己复礼的主张。

Conversing with Shakespeare provides Chinese Shakespeareans an efficient medium to practise the Confucian doctrine of both“to learn”and“to think.”Chinese people have over the years applied a dual methodology:restoration of Shakespeare for knowledge and renovation of Shakespeare for their own needs.In the name of Shakespeare,the Chinese media disseminates the knowledge of the immortal bard and delivers messages of their timely concerns,which represents a good practice of the Confucian fusion of knowledge and experience.In addition,the Confucian idea of the rectification of names justifies Shakespeare as an honorable title for Chinese nationals who observe good forms to be qualified for the name of Shakespeare.Furthermore,Shakespearean performances from various Chinese universities demonstrate the Confucian doctrines of passion for the ancients,as well as self-discipline and revival of li.