若干新型肝癌分子标志物的基础与临床评价研究进展

Progress on basic research and clinical evaluation of novel molecular markers of liver cancer

原发性肝癌包括肝细胞癌、肝内胆管癌和混合型肝细胞癌-胆管癌3种类型,其中肝细胞癌占75%~85%,严重威胁人类的生命和健康。对肝细胞癌高危人群的筛查与监测,有助于早发现、早诊断和早治疗,是提高肝癌疗效的关键。血清生物学标志物在肝细胞癌监测和诊断中具有重要作用。近年来,新型血清生物学标志物如甲胎蛋白异质体比率、异常凝血酶原/脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原、高尔基体蛋白73、Dickkopf相关蛋白1、醛酮还原酶-AKR1B10、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3、液体活检及微小RNA等被推荐用于肝细胞癌监测研究,有些已被列入肝细胞癌指南的辅助诊断工具。本文对这些肝癌新型生物标志物的相关基础研究及临床进展进行总结,供临床参考。

Primary liver cancer includes three types:Hepatocellular carcinoma,intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,mixed hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.Among them,hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for 75%to 85%,posing a serious threat to human life and health.The screening and monitoring of high-risk populations for hepatocellular carcinoma is crucial for early detection,diagnosis,and treatment,as well as for improving the prognosis of liver cancer.Serum biomarkers play an important role in monitoring and diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma.In recent years,new serum biomarkers such as AFP heterogeneity,abnormal prothrombin/de-γ-carboxyprothrombin,Golgi protein 73,Dickkopf-associated protein 1,aldehyde ketone reductase-AKR1B10,gypican 3,liquid biopsies and microRNAs have been recommended for screening and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma,and some have been included as auxiliary diagnostic measures in liver cell carcinoma guidelines.This article summarizes the progress of relevant basic research and clinical evaluation of these novel biomarkers,which may provide a reference for future clinical application.