社会网络求职渠道如何影响职业晋升?——基于CFPS数据的经验证据

How Does Social Network Job-Hunting Channel Affect Career Advancement:Empirical Evidence Based on CFPS Data

利用社会网络渠道求职在中国是普遍现象,但其对个体职业晋升产生何种影响,仍是一个悬而未决的问题。文章尝试构建职业晋升的理论模型推演研究假说,采用基于CFPS三期混合截面数据的OLS模型进行验证。结果表明,社会网络求职渠道会产生晋升惩罚效应,导致晋升概率降低1.92%,其中技术职称晋升概率显著降低1.63%,但对行政职务晋升的影响不显著。机制分析发现,社会网络求职渠道通过降低个体就业匹配度,以至于削弱其工作表现,从而抑制了职业晋升。异质性分析表明,社会网络求职渠道显著阻碍了高受教育水平、强竞争程度与少晋升机会企业内工作者的技术职称晋升。在处理了可能存在的样本数据筛选、估计方法以及相关内生性问题后,上述结论依然稳健。由此认为,求职个体应理性看待社会网络的影响效应,审慎考虑自身条件与工作岗位的匹配度,减少社会网络的“人情”干扰,促进劳动力资源的有效配置。

Social networks play an important role in individual job hunting,which is a common feature in developing coun⁃tries.China's historical tradition of“worldly wisdom”determines that the social network based on kinship and geography has a lasting influence on the labor market.Therefore,how to rationally avoid the negative impact of social networks and promote high-quality employment is more meaningful.A large number of studies have explored the short-term effects of social net⁃works on employment acquisition and wage income,but how it affects long-term career development remains unknown.This paper tries to answer the following questions:First,is there a causal correlation between social network job-hunting channel(SNJHC)and career promotion?What is the mechanism behind it?Second,is there heterogeneity in the influence of SNJHC on career promotion?We constructed a theoretical model of career development to derive the research hypothesis and employed the OLS mod⁃el based on the pooled cross-section data of CFPS from 2014-2018 to identify.The empirical results show that SNJHC pro⁃duces a significant adverse effect on career advancement,reducing the probability of individual career advancement by 1.92%.Subdividing“career advancement”into“technical title advancement”and“administrative position advancement”,SNJHC significantly reduced the probability of technical title advancement by 1.63%,but not significantly affected the admin⁃istrative position advancement.The mechanism study found that SNJHC reduces the degree of employment matching,thus weakening job performance and inhibiting career advancement.Further,SNJHC has a significant heterogeneous effect on the career advancement of individuals with different character⁃istics.Specifically,SNJHC hinders technical title advancement for individuals with high education.Enterprises with Strong advancement competition magnify the degree of employment mismatch caused by SNJHC and enhance the negative impact of SNJHC on career advancement.Enterprises with fewer advancement opportunities increase the degree of employment mis⁃match caused by SNJHC and amplify the negative impact of SNJHC on career advancement.After developing a series of robustness tests,the baseline results were maintained.Firstly,we exclude the samples with no promotion space,zero salary and public official,respectively.Secondly,based on the benchmark model,we control the fixed effect at the village level,the individual ability and job rank,respectively.Finally,the Probit model and PSM model are used to re-estimate.In a word,job seekers should rationally view social networks,carefully consider matching their professional quality with positions,reduce the interference of“human affection”in social networks,and promote the effective allocation of labor re⁃sources.