《列那狐传奇》作为世俗讽刺的野兽诗歌:列那狐与伊森狼(二)

Le Roman de Renart as Secular Satire:The Beast Poetry of Renart and Ysengrimus(Part Two)

《列那狐传奇》是欧洲中世纪的一朵奇,开创了古法语诗歌的新文类。本文讨论它对世俗封建法律与男女性关系的讽刺特性,并依循诗人提示的方向,把列那先和埃尔森通奸然后强奸她的故事放在当代的世俗与宗教文学的语境里,考察他们的性关系及其法律后果。除了讽刺当时的宫廷时尚,诗人们重复叙述强奸案难以成立,以之讽刺当时受害者不能从封建法和教会法讨到公道。他们不只精确模仿,还歪曲嘲讽教会对性生活的管制来解由与日俱增的约束造成的心理压力,用诗歌逗引发笑来突破一切对想象力和乐趣的伽锁。

While Ysengrimus satirizes the Church,Le Roman de Renart shifts its focus onto the secular world,especially its sexuality and feudal law.Following the lead of two early prologues,this part examines the adultery and rape case involving Renart and Hersent within the literary contexts suggested by the poets,i.e.,the contemporary secular love literature and the staple of religious teachings.The poets satirize the courtly fashion and parody various literary genres by showing the ineffectiveness of both feudal and canon laws in rendering justice.They make audience laugh by releasing the psychological tension caused by the increasing encroachment of church regulations on their private lives and by breaking the imposed shackles on their pleasure and imagination.