河北省市政供水三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的健康风险

Health risk of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in municipal water supply in Hebei province,China

目的评估河北省市政供水中三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的人群健康风险。方法收集2017—2021年河北省市政供水三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的监测数据,运用环境健康风险评估模型分析两种物质平均浓度的致癌风险和慢性非致癌风险。对不同水期、不同类型、不同水源、不同地区的结果进行分层分析,对不同年份结果进行趋势性检验。结果12578份水样中,三氯甲烷和四氯化碳的平均浓度为6.14×10^(-3)和1.07×10^(-4)mg/L。三氯甲烷和四氯化碳致癌风险为3.75×10^(-6)和1.48×10^(-7);两种化学物质慢性非致癌风险均小于1。三氯甲烷的健康风险丰水期高于枯水期,地表水高于地下水,末梢水和二次供水高于出厂水。四氯化碳的健康风险地下水高于地表水,出厂水高于末梢水和二次供水。三氯甲烷的健康风险存在逐年上升的趋势,四氯化碳的健康风险为逐年下降趋势。健康风险存在地区差异。结论2017—2021年河北省市政供水中三氯甲烷的致癌风险在可接受范围内,四氯化碳的致癌风险较低,两种物质的慢性非致癌风险处于可接受水平。

Objective To evaluate the human health risk of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in municipal water supply in He-bei province,China.Methods The monitoring data of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in municipal water supply of Hebei province from 2017 to 2021 were collected.An environmental health risk assessment model was applied to evaluate the carcinogenic risk and chronic non-carcinogenic risk of the two substances at mean concentrations.Stratified analyses were carried out for different water sea-sons,sample types,water sources,and regions.The result of different years were tested for trend.Results The mean concentrations of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in 12578 water samples were 6.14×10^(-3)and 1.07×10^(-4)mg/L,respectively,and the carcino-genic risk was 3.75×10^(-6)for chloroform and 1.48×10^(-7)for carbon tetrachloride.The chronic non-carcinogenic risks of both chemicals were less than 1.For chloroform,the health risk was higher in wet season than in dry season,higher in surface water than in under-ground water,and higher in terminal water and secondary water than in finished water.For carbon tetrachloride,the health risk was higher in underground water than in surface water,and higher in finished water than in terminal water and secondary water.The health risk of chloroform increased year by year,while that of carbon tetrachloride showed a downward trend.The health risks differed be-tween regions.Conclusion In municipal water supply of Hebei province from 2017 to 2021,the carcinogenic risk was acceptable for chloroform and low for carbon tetrachloride,and the chronic non-carcinogenic risk was acceptable for both chemicals.