高速磁浮列车复合材料车体部件强度分析及结构优化

Strength Analysis and Structural Optimization of Composite Car Body Components of High-Speed Maglev Train

利用有限元分析与结构优化技术,研究高速磁浮列车复合材料车体部件强度问题。依据复合材料结构和力学特征,建立某高速磁浮列车复合材料车体强度分析模型;基于系统动力学和空气动力学分析结果,确定车体与走行机构之间的接口载荷及车体表面承受的气动载荷;运用BS EN 12663:2010标准和Tsai-Wu失效准则对车体结构进行强度分析。结果表明:车体结构强度满足设计要求,其中碳纤维头罩结构的最大Tsai-Wu失效因子仅为0.154;为充分挖掘复合材料的潜能,分别以柔度、质量和铺层顺序为目标函数,对碳纤维头罩进行自由尺寸优化、尺寸优化以及层叠次序优化,最终获得最佳铺层顺序为45°/-45°/0°/90°/90°/0°/45°/-45°/45°/-45°;优化后碳纤维头罩比与优化前质量减轻了28.9%;将优化后的头罩映射到整车车体并进行强度分析,碳纤维头罩的最大Tsai-Wu失效因子为0.163。

The strength of a composite car body components of high-speed maglev train is studied by using fi-nite element analysis and structural optimization technology.According to the structure and mechanical charac-teristics of the composite materials,the strength analysis model of the composite car body of high-speed ma-glev train is established.Based on the analysis results of system dynamics and aerodynamics,the interface load between the car body and the running gear and the aerodynamic load on the car body surface are deter-mined.The strength of car body structure is analyzed by using BS EN12663:2010 standard and Tsai-Wu fail-ure criterion.The results show that the strength of the car body structure meets the design requirements,and the maximum Tsai-Wu failure factor of the carbon fiber hood structure is only 0.154.In order to fully tap the potential of composite materials,the free size optimization,size optimization and stacking sequence optimiza-tion of the carbon fiber hood are taken with compliance,mass and layup sequence as objective functions.Fi-nally,the best layup sequence obtained is 45°/-45°/0°/90°/0/45°/-45°/45°/-45°.The weight of the op-timized carbon fiber hood is reduced by 28.9%compared with that before optimization.The optimized hood is mapped to the car body and subjected to strength analysis.The maximum Tsai-Wu failure factor of carbon fi-ber hood is 0.163.