梨延迟花期技术及覆膜防低温效果评价

Evaluation of Pear Delayed Flowering Technology and the Effects of Mulching Against Low Temperature

以‘新梨7号’‘鸭梨’为试材,利用植物生长调节剂、传统农艺措施等处理方法来延迟梨花期,采用覆盖黑色PE地膜、滴灌进行早春防低温试验,研究了植物生长调节剂、传统农艺措施对梨花期的延迟效果,对覆盖黑色PE地膜、滴灌进行早春防低温效果进行评价,以期为梨花期调控及推出一种环保且便于操作的防低温技术提供参考依据。结果表明:不同处理后‘新梨7号’‘鸭梨’的物候期,250 mg·L^(-1)NAA+300 mg·L^(-1)SA为延迟‘新梨7号’‘鸭梨’的最优处理,分别延迟初花期2.0 d和3.7 d,且‘新梨7号’坐果率和对照之间无显著差异;同时,灌水、覆盖黑色PE地膜+灌水+喷白能使距地面10 cm和20 cm土层温度降低0.2~0.6℃。覆盖黑色PE地膜距地面10 cm和20 cm土层温度增加0.1~0.3℃。2022年3月19日和26日出现最低温度时间为05:00—06:00,覆盖黑色PE地膜距地面1.5 m处温度提高0.5℃和1.6℃,距地面2.5 m处提高0.1℃和0.8℃,滴灌后树冠1.5 m处温度距地面提高0.3℃和1℃,2.5 m处提高0.1℃和0℃,通过对比,覆盖黑色PE地膜对‘新梨7号’‘鸭梨’树冠的增温效果较好。

Taking‘Xinli 7’and‘Yali’as test materials,plant growth regulators,traditional agronomic measures and other treatment methods were used to delay the flowering period of pears,and the antilow temperature test in early spring was carried out by covering with black PE plastic film and drip irrigation.The delay effects of plant growth regulators and traditional agronomic measures on the flowering period of pear were studied,the effects of covering black PE mulch and drip irrigation on preventing low temperature in early spring were evaluated,in order to provide reference for the regulation of pear flowering period and an environmentally friendly and easy-to-operate anti-low temperature technology.The results showed that,according to the observation of the phenology of‘Xinli 7’and‘Yali’after different treatments,250mg·L^(-1) NAA+300mg·L^(-1) SA was the best one.The optimal treatment of‘Xinli 7’and‘Yali’delayed the initial flowering period by 2.0days and 3.7days respectively,and there was no significant difference between the fruit setting rate and the control‘Xinli 7’.The temperature of the 10cm and 20cm soil layers from the ground reduced by 0.2-0.6℃.The temperature of the soil layer 10cm and 20cm away from the ground increased by 0.1℃to 0.3℃when covered with black PE film.On March 19th and 26th,2022,the lowest temperature occurred between 05:00and 06:00,and the temperature at 1.5 mabove the ground covered with black PE film increased by 0.5℃and 1.6℃,and at 2.5mabove the ground increased by 0.1℃and 0.8℃.After drip irrigation,the temperature at 1.5mof the canopy increased by 0.3℃and 1℃,and at 2.5mincreased by 0.1℃and 0℃.By comparison,the effect of covering black PE mulch on the crown growth of‘Xinli 7’and‘Yali’is better.