“我们”的文学与“他们”的文学——程朝翔教授学术访谈录

The Relationship Between“Our”Literature and“Their”Literature:Interviewing Professor Cheng Zhaoxiang

在本篇访谈录中,程朝翔教授围绕着“我们”的文学和“他们”的文学进行系统深入的阐述,认为文学研究者需要不断变换自己的视角,不断否定“我们”,从“我们”的文学进入“他们”的文学——所谓“他们”,也许就是我们的一部分,是我们尚未理解的自己的一部分。基于对当代西方文学理论及新冠疫情的思考,程朝翔教授还阐述了“自启免疫共同体”的隐喻在文学理论和跨学科研究中的启示作用,即理论隐喻能打破学科之间的界限,打破各个文学类别之间的界限,并在“我们的文学”与“他们的文学”之间沟通中发挥作用。基于目前西方理论和社会政治中对“身份政治”的强烈关切,他也探讨了“身份政治”以及类似理论可能引发的冲突,以及“身份政治”与文学研究之间的互动,提出文学研究对身份政治应该进行深层次的探讨,对其负面成分应该进行反思和批判。身份政治是一个非常复杂的问题,这种复杂性在纳粹大屠杀文学研究中表现得非常明显。应该对历史上德国纳粹和日本军国主义利用文化、文明、意识形态等而实施的犯罪政治进行深入、不断的反思和批判;在当代,也需要对所谓“反犹主义”进行认真的甄别。程朝翔教授还结合自己的教学和研究经验,认为在高校文学教育的课程思政教学中,需要从文学或人文学专业的角度入手,在讲思想、讲政治的同时,重视文学隐喻和文化隐喻的解读。文学研究的目的是让社会更加和谐,有助于人类命运共同体的建设;共同体内部成员之间也有我们和他们之别,对我们的文学和他们的文学之间关系的研究有助于促进社会和谐。

In this interview,Professor Cheng Zhaoxiang discusses the relationship between“our”literature and“their”literature,arguing that literary scholars need to constantly change their perspectives and deny themselves in order to go from“our”literature into“their”literature———“them”might be part of“us”,the part of“us”we have not yet come to understand.Reflecting on contemporary Western literary theory and the Covid-19 Pandemic,Professor Cheng elaborates on the role of the metaphor auto-co-immunity in literary and interdisciplinary studies,believing that theoretical metaphors can break down barriers between various disciplines and various genres,and mediate between our literature and their literature.Reflecting on the role played by identity politics in Western theory and in social life in general,he discusses its potential for conflicts and its interaction with literary studies,suggesting that literary studies should make an in-depth study of identity politics,and critiques its adverse aspects.Identity politics is a complicated issue;its complexity is evident in Holocaust studies.Constant and in-depth reflection on and relentless condemnation of the criminal politics of the Nazis and the Japanese militarists through the(mis)use of culture,civilization and ideology are imperative;in the meantime,in the contemporary context,anti-semitism must be discriminately and critically reevaluated.Drawing on his experiences in teaching and research,Professor Cheng believes that ideological and political education is best conducted with a professionally literary and humanities approach and with an emphasis on literary and cultural metaphors.Literary studies contribute to social harmony and to the building of a community of shared future for humanity.Members within this community might include“us”and“them”,so a study of the relationship between our literature and their literature may promote social harmony.