对比研究的新视角——几则网上热点引起的思考

New Perspectives on Contrastive Studies:Thoughts over Some Hot Issues on the Internet

语言对比研究的应用主要在三个领域:二语教学、语际翻译和民族语特色的探索。反过来,这些领域的实践也会给语言对比研究带来许多新鲜的课题。本文从一些网络语言现象入手,提出了语言对比研究的一些新思路。主要谈了三个方面:一是从一首英诗的多种中文翻译着手,提出语言对比与翻译要知己知彼,反对盲目的语言自豪;二是从一些文字游戏和特殊的修辞方法着手,指出在游戏文字和启蒙教学中往往有着各种语言最深层的东西,在语言对比研究中很值得发掘;三是从网络上关于汉语名动关系的争论着手,提出在汉外对比中要从第一粒纽扣——语言理解过程——开始,更能发现语言的特色。此外,先把那些模仿西方语法建立的术语和概念放在一边,真正从中文的事实出发,然后才有可能发现真正的汉语组织规律,这是汉外对比研究一个新起点。

The application of contrastive studies is mainly in three fields:second language teaching,interlingual translation,and the exploration of ethnic language characteristics.In return,the practice in these fields will also bring many new topics to contrastive studies.This paper attempts three new perspectives on contrastive studies by analyzing some new internet hotspots.First,one must know oneself as well as others in doing contrastive study and interlingual translation especially that of poetry.Secondly,language games and certain“aesthetic factors”are what lying at the bottom of each language and worthy of enough attention in contrastive study.Thirdly,the debate of whether nouns and verbs in Chinese are mutually inclusive or exclusive may lead to another discussion of whether the terminology of western grammar are really applicable in Chinese.In addition,setting aside the terms and concepts established by imitating Western grammar and truly starting from the facts of Chinese,it is possible to discover the underlying rules of Chinese organization,which is a new starting point for contrastive studies between Chinese and foreign languages.