超声在麻醉与围术期应用新进展

New progress of ultrasound application in the anesthesia and perioperative period

超声检查是一种基于超声波的影像学检查技术,具有安全、便携、价廉、可重复和提供实时动态图像等优点。近年来,随着超声设备智能化、小型化、信息化以及研究的不断深入,在麻醉与围术期中的应用愈加广泛。目前,超声在动静脉穿刺和外周神经阻滞领域早已广泛开展,然而,在围术期中对患者进行超声检查评估或诊断仍处于起步阶段。为了麻醉医师能够更好的优化围术期管理,保障患者安全,本文就近几年气道超声、胃内容物评估、超声引导下穿刺和容量反应性的新进展进行综述,从而为麻醉与围术期中应用超声技术提供参考。

Ultrasonography is an ultrasound-based imaging technique with the advantages of being safe,portable,inexpensive,reproducible and providing real-time dynamic images for more than eighty years now.In recent years,with the intelligence,miniaturization and informationization of ultrasound equipment and the continuous research,the application in anesthesia and perioperative period has become more and more extensive.Currently,ultrasound has been widely carried out in the field of arteriovenous puncture and peripheral nerve block,however,ultrasound diagnosis or evaluation of patients in preoperative and intraoperative period is still in the initial stage.In order to allow anesthesiologists to better optimize perioperative management and ensure patient safety,this article reviews new advances in the fields of airway ultrasound,gastric contents assessment,ultrasound-guided puncture,and volumetric reactivity in recent years,thus providing a reference for the application of ultrasound technology in anesthesia and perioperative period.