精神分裂症伴抑郁症状的临床特征分析

Clinical characteristics of schizophrenia with depressive symptoms

目的分析精神分裂症伴抑郁症状的临床特征。方法选取2019年1月至2020年10月本院收治的100例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,按照是否伴有抑郁症状分为A组(有抑郁症状)和B组(无抑郁症状),每组50例;另选取同期50例单纯抑郁症状患者作为C组。回顾性分析3组临床资料,比较A组与B组妄想内容,比较A组与C组抑郁症状,3组症状改善时间、发病次数、总病程,比较不同疗法下A组治疗情况及A组抑郁症状再现率。结果A组罪恶、贫穷、疑病、虚无妄想内容占比均高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组焦虑症状、躯体化障碍占比均低于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组精神运动性迟滞、无助感、绝望感占比均高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组、B组、C组症状改善时间、发病次数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组抗抑郁剂加或不加患者症状改善和起效时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组抑郁症状复发率为60.0%,首次抑郁发作者22例,占比44.0%,其中复发中再现抑郁症状18例,再现率为81.82%。结论精神分裂症伴抑郁症状患者以罪恶、贫穷、疑病、虚无等妄想及精神运动性迟滞、无助、绝望为主要特征表现,且发病次数多,在治疗期间需加用抗抑郁剂,并配合社会支持干预,以有效缩短疗程,改善患者病情。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of schizophrenia with depressive symptoms.Methods 100 patients with schizophrenia admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the research subjects,and they were divided into group A(with depressive symptoms)and group B(without depressive symptoms)according to whether they were accompanied by depressive symptoms,with 50 cases in each group,and 50 cases patients with simple depressive symptoms during the same period were selected as group C.The clinical data of the three groups were retrospectively analyzed,and the delusional content between group A and group B,the depressive symptoms between group A and group C,the time of symptom improvement,the number of episodes and the total course of the symptoms of the three groups were compared,and the treatment of group A and the recurrence rate of depressive symptoms under different therapies were compared.Results The contents of sin,poverty,hypochondria and nihilism in group A were higher than those in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of anxiety symptom and somatization disorder in group A was lower than that in group C,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The psychomotor hysteresis,helplessness and hopelessness in group A were higher than those in group C,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences in symptom improvement time and incidence times among group A,B and C(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in symptom improvement and onset time in group A with or without antidepressants(P<0.05).The recurrence rate of depressive symptoms in group A was 60.0%,and there were 22 cases with the first depression,accounting for 44.0%.Among them,there were 18 cases with the recurrence of depressive symptoms,with the recurrence rate of 81.82%.Conclusion Schizophrenia with depressive symptoms patients with sin,poverty,hypochondria,nihilism and other delusions and psychomotor hysteresis,helplessness,hopelessness as the main characteristics of the performance,and the incidence of more,longer course of disease,during the treatment need to add antidepressants,and cooperate with social support intervention,in order to effectively shorten the course of treatment,improve the patients'condition.