先秦“类”与“气”思想视域下的《黄帝内经》阴阳观探源

Origin of Yin and Yang Concept in Huang Di Nei Jing from Perspective of "Class" and "Qi" in Pre-Qin Dynasties

中国传统哲学中的阴阳观念在早期发展中主要呈两条途径。一方面,与基于对“地道”与“人道”认知的“类”思想相结合,形成了以物类属性二元概念与阴阳相配属的阴阳类分和阴阳相对的地人一体观;另一方面,与基于“天道”认知的“气”思想相结合,形成了以天气变化与阴阳相配属的阴阳二气相持的,具有动态循环性质及神秘性质的天人一体观。后经战国末期以来的思想家整合,形成了中华民族论及天道、地道、人事,以及个体生命的基本思维特征。作为中医理论奠基之作的《黄帝内经》正是在这样的阴阳逻辑基础上,形成了中医独特的天人同构生命观。

There are two main ways in the early development of Yin and Yang concept in Chinese traditional philosophy.On the one hand,combined with the thought of"class"based on the cognition of"Earth"and"Human",it forms the concept of the integration of earth and human with the binary concept of the property of objects and the classification of Yin and Yang and the contrast of Yin and Yang.On the other hand,combined with the thought of"Qi"based on the cognition of"Heavenly",it forms the dynamic circulatory and mysterious view of the unity of heaven and man,which is characterized by the matching of Yin and Yang with the weather changes.The integration of thinkers since the end of the Warring States period has formed the basic thinking characteristics of the Chinese nation concerning the Heaven,the Earth and human.In Huang Di Nei Jing,the foundation work of TCM theory,the unique view of life in TCM was established based on this logic of Yin and Yang.