基于健康信念模式的饮食指导在2型糖尿病患者中的应用效果

Application effects of health belief model-based diet guidance on patients with type 2diabetes mellitus

目的:探讨基于健康信念模式(HBM)的饮食指导在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年7月至2022年7月该院收治的102例T2DM患者进行前瞻性研究,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组各51例。对照组实施常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上实施基于HBM的饮食指导。比较两组护理前后血糖指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]水平,以及糖尿病患者态度量表(DAS-3)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、糖尿病自我管理行为量表(SDSCA)评分。结果:护理后,研究组FBG、2hPG、HbA1c水平均低于对照组,DAS-3各维度评分、GSES评分及饮食、运动、血糖监测、足部护理及用药等维度的SDSCA评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于HBM的饮食指导可提高T2DM患者的自我效能感和自我管理能力,改善疾病态度,有效控制血糖水平,效果优于常规护理。

Objective:To explore application effects of health belief model(HBM)-based diet guidance on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A prospective study was conducted on 102 patients with T2DM admitted to this hospital from July 2020 to July 2022.They were divided into control group and study group according to the random number table,51 cases in each.The control group received routine nursing,while the study group received HBM based diet guidance on the basis of the control group.The levels of blood glucose indexes[fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)],and the scores of diabetes attitude scale(DAS-3),general self-efficacy scale(GSES)and summary diabetes self care activities(SDSCA)were compared between the two groups before and after the nursing.Results:After the nursing,the levels of FBG,2hPG and HbA1c in the study group were lower than those in the control group;the scores of DAS-3,GSES and SDSCA in diet,exercise,blood glucose monitoring,foot care and medication were higher than those in the control group;and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The HBM-based diet guidance can improve the self-efficacy and the selfmanagement abilities of the T2DM patients,improve the disease attitude,and effectively control the blood glucose levels.Moreover,it is superior to the routine nursing.