基于SPME-GC/MS法研究干燥方式对迷迭香叶挥发性成分的影响

Effects of Drying Methods on Volatile Components of Rosemary Leaves Based on SPME-GC/MS Method

利用顶空固相微萃取技术(SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS),对自然晾干,冷冻干燥,40、60和80℃烘干5种不同干燥处理的迷迭香叶与新鲜迷迭香叶进行挥发性成分分析鉴定。研究结果表明:5种方式干燥后迷迭香叶的主要挥发性成分有4,6,6-三甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮、桉树醇、樟脑、芳樟醇、α-蒎烯、α-松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯、松香芹酮、莰烯和石竹烯等,其中,4,6,6-三甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-3-烯-2-酮和桉树醇这两者GC含量达54.94%~60.09%。干燥后迷迭香叶的主要挥发性成分种类为烯萜类、醇类、醛酮类、烷烃类、苯类和酯类。冷冻干燥处理的迷迭香叶中挥发性成分最多,鉴定出44种挥发性物质,占总挥发性物质成分的99.61%。通过对5种不同干燥处理方式的迷迭香叶中挥发性物质的成分和含量差异进行分析,发现冷冻干燥能最大限度地保留挥发性成分。

Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze and identify the volatile components of rosemary leaves and fresh rosemary leaves with five different drying treatments:natural drying,freeze drying,drying at 40,60 and 80℃.The results showed that the main volatile components of dried rosemary leaves included terpinone,4,6,6-trimethyl-bis[3.1.1]hept-3-ene-2-one,cineole,camphor,linalool,α-pinene,α-terpinol,bornyl acetate,pinocarvone,camphene and caryophyllene.Among them,the GC content of 4,6,6-trimethyl-bis[3.1.1]hept-3-ene-2-one and cineole reached 54.94%-60.09%.The main volatile components of rosemary leaves were alcohols,terpenes,aldehydes,alkanes,benzenes and esters.Freeze drying rosemary leaves had the most volatile components,with 44 identified,accounting for 99.61%of the total volatile substances.By analyzing the differences in the composition and content of volatile substances in rosemary leaves with five different drying methods,it was found that freeze drying could retain volatile components to the greatest extent.