生物质水蒸气催化重整制氢研究进展

Research Advance in Biomass Steam Catalytic Reforming for Hydrogen Production

生物质能是一种理想的清洁能源,具有可再生、多样性并能够实现二氧化碳零排放的优点。生物质催化重整制氢是生物质热化学转换利用的一种高效、环保、经济的方式。本文从生物质催化重整过程中的关键反应参数:反应温度、水碳比、反应空速和催化剂等方面综述了生物质催化重整制氢相关研究进展,总结了反应参数、催化剂的选择和应用对热解产物的影响,梳理了天然矿石催化剂、碱金属催化剂、过渡金属催化剂和尖晶石催化剂在生物质水蒸气转化特性的影响机制,总结了通过定向调控开发稳定的高活性催化剂以提高重整反应的效率和稳定性的有效利用途径。指出了明晰催化机理还需从生物质与催化剂的交互作用机制和热解气化反应机理的角度进一步探究。

Biomass energy was an ideal clean energy,with the advantages of renewable,diversity and could achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions.Biomass catalytic reforming to produce hydrogen was an effective,environmentally friendly and economical way of biomass thermochemical conversion and utilization.In this paper,the research progress of biomass catalytic reforming for hydrogen production was reviewed from the aspects of key reaction parameters in the process of biomass catalytic reforming:reaction temperature,ratio of water to carbon,reaction space velocity and catalyst.The effects of reaction parameters,catalyst selection and application on pyrolysis products were reviewed.The influence mechanism of natural ore catalyst,alkali metal catalyst,transition metal catalyst and spinel catalyst on the water vapor conversion characteristics of biomass was combed.The effective utilization way of improving the efficiency and stability of reforming reaction by developing stable catalyst with high activity through directional control was summarized.It was pointed out that the clear catalytic mechanism should be further explored from the perspective of the interaction mechanism between biomass and catalyst and the reaction mechanism of pyrolysis and gasification.