楚简《君人者何必安哉》与儒墨音乐思想

Confucian-Mohist Musical Thought as Reflected in Chu Kingdom’s Bamboo Slit“Why should the King be at Ease”

楚简《君人者何必安哉》涉及战国时期的音乐思想和楚国礼乐文化,具有重要的史料价值。该文为范戊答楚王所问,其间以白玉为譬喻、以音乐事例向楚王进谏。与传世文献进行比较研究可知,范戊主张维护传统礼乐等级制度,按个人身份地位享用相应的乐器配置或乐队构成,其音乐思想应属儒家学派。楚王并不尊奉传统礼乐规范,重鬼神而轻人事,其思想和主张应属墨家一系。既有楚地出土战国文献,所展露的音乐思想多属儒道,但《君人者何必安哉》说明战国时期墨家音乐思想在楚地也有流传,这为先秦时期诸子音乐思想在楚国得以交流发展的论断增添了新的例证。

The bamboo slit of Chu Kingdom(?-223BC)“Why Should the King be at Ease”involves the musical ideas of the Warring States period(475-221BC)and the ritual music culture of the Chu,which has important historical value.Fan Peng advocated the maintenance of the traditional etiquette hierarchy,while the king of Chu did not respect the traditional etiquette norms,and his ideas should belong to the Mohism.The Chu slit shows that the musical ideas of Mohism in the Warring States period were also circulated in the Chu territory.This adds a new example to the thesis that the musical ideas of the pre-Qin(pre 221 BC)scholars were exchanged and developed in the state of Chu.