我国苹果主产区生产集中度水平测度及竞争力分析

Measurement of Concentration of Apple Production in China’s Main Production Areas and Analysis of Their Competitiveness

运用2016~2020年面源数据,采用区位商、集中系数、优势指数测算与比较全国7个苹果主产区集群集中度及竞争力。研究表明:(1) 7个苹果主产区均具有专业化优势和集群发展优势。其中,陕西省苹果产业发展优势最显著,且集群优势要优于专业化优势;山西省与陕西省专业化优势的差异较小,而集群发展优势差异较大;近5 a甘肃省苹果产业的专业化程度和集中化程度呈增长态势;山东省、辽宁省、河北省的苹果产业的专业化程度和集中化程度总体较稳定。(2) 2016~2020年7个主产区苹果产业综合比较优势指数均>1,产业发展的竞争力优势明显,但效率优势要明显低于规模优势,其中,陕西省综合竞争力优势最为明显,山西、甘肃次之。效率优势指数排在前三位的是山西省、陕西省和甘肃省,规模优势指数排在前三位的是甘肃省、山东省和辽宁省。提出推进标准化果园建设、发挥数字经济作用、发展合作经济的对策建议,以提升果品品质、品牌价值、产业竞争力。

Based on the non-point source data from 2016 to 2020,the location quotient,concentration coefficient and advantage index were used to calculate and compare the concentration and competitiveness of clusters in seven main apple production areas in China.The results showed that:(1)The seven main apple production areas all had advantages in specialization and cluster development.Among them,the development advantage of apple industry in Shaanxi Province was the most significant,and the cluster advantage was superior to the specialization advantage.The difference in specialization advantages between Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province was relatively small,while the difference in cluster development advantages was significant.The degree of specialization and concentration of apple industry in Gansu Province had been increasing in the past 5 years.The specialization and concentration of apple industry in Shandong,Liaoning,and Hebei were generally stable.(2)From 2016 to 2020,the comprehensive comparative advantage index of apple industry in the seven main production areas was all greater than 1.The competitive advantage of industrial development was obvious,but the efficiency advantage was significantly lower than the scale advantage.Among them,Shaanxi Province had the most obvious comprehensive competitive advantage,followed by Shanxi and Gansu.Shanxi,Shaanxi and Gansu ranked in the top three in terms of efficiency advantage index,while Gansu,Shandong and Liaoning ranked in the top three in terms of scale advantage index.The countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to promote the construction of standardized orchards,leverage the role of digital economy,and develop cooperative economy,in order to enhance fruit quality,brand value,and industrial competitiveness.