红色旅游发展与革命老区城乡收入差距——基于双重差分法的经验分析

Red Tourism and Urban-rural Income Gap in Old Revolutionary Base Areas:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Difference-in-Differences Method

作为革命老区振兴发展规划的重要组成部分,红色旅游不仅是一项政治工程,也是一项经济工程、富民工程。但是,发展红色旅游能否缩小城乡收入差距,促进革命老区城乡统筹发展,一直缺乏应有的系统证据。本文以革命老区县域为研究对象,基于“红色旅游经典景区建设”这一准自然实验,运用多期双重差分模型识别红色旅游发展与城乡收入差距之间的因果关系。研究发现,发展红色旅游可以显著缩小革命老区的城乡收入差距,并且集体经济发展可以强化这一效应。该结论经过内生性问题处理和一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。机制检验发现,发展红色旅游通过促进革命老区农村公共品供给、农村投资和非农就业缩小城乡收入差距。异质性分析发现,在第三产业发展较落后和宗族文化较浓厚的地区,红色旅游发展对城乡收入差距的抑制效应更加明显。本文研究结论为新时代如何保护好、管理好、运用好红色旅游资源,以巩固革命老区脱贫攻坚成果和促进革命老区乡村振兴提供了经验证据。

As an important part of the revitalization plan of the old revolutionary base areas,red tourism is not only a political project,but also an economic project to enrich people.However,it lacks evidence to demonstrate whether red tourism can narrow the urban-rural income gap and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in the old revolutionary base areas.This study builds a staggered difference-in-differences model based on the classic scenic spots of red tourism as the quasi-natural experiment,and investigates the impact of red tourism development in the old revolutionary base areas on the urban-rural income gap.Our findings are as follows:a)The development of red tourism can significantly narrow the urban-rural income gap in old revolutionary base areas while collective economy can strengthen this effect,and the conclusion is still robust in a series of robust checks addressing endogeneity.b)The mechanism analysis shows that red tourism can narrow the urban-rural income gap by promoting the supply of public goods,non-agricultural employment,and rural investment in old revolutionary base areas.c)The heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of red tourism on narrow the urban-rural income gap is larger for the regions with a higher level of clan culture and a less developed tertiary industry.This study provides empirical evidence for policy makers to consider how to protect,manage,and utilize red tourism resources in the new era to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and promote rural revitalization in the old revolutionary base areas.