人民性与中国红色诗歌的经典化问题

Affinity to the People and the Issue of the Canonization of Chinese Red Poetry

在中国语境中,红色诗歌指在中国共产党领导或引领下的革命作家和进步作家创作的具有人民性的诗歌。红色诗歌经典化是包括生产(创作)、分配与流通(传播)、消费(接受)各环节的完整的文学交往活动。从接受美学视角看,红色诗歌经典作品在接受形式上具有口传性,在接受内容上具有确定性,在接受方式上具有共享性,因此具有高度的人民性特征。红色诗歌经典化在新中国取得了巨大成就,但也面临人民性与现代性两种美学话语博弈的情形。人民群众和大众型专业读者往往站在人民性立场上力挺红色诗歌并以人民性标准为其辩护,而精英型专业读者习惯于从现代性诗歌美学出发排斥或贬低红色诗歌经典。这在各种文学教科书编写、文学选本编选以及具体的文学批评实践中有着明显的体现。但人民性与现代性之间并非互不兼容,而是既充满冲突又彼此融合。新时代需要重建具有中国式现代性的人民美学,也需要重构红色诗歌经典化的新路径。在坚持文艺人民性的前提下,拆解左右对立、雅俗对立和新旧对立思维定式,拓宽红色诗歌经典化路径,切实处理好人民性与现代性两种诗歌美学的辩证关系。

In the Chinese context,“red poetry”refers to poetry marked by affinity to the people that was created by revolutionary and progressive writers under the leadership or direction of the Communist Party of China.The canonization of red poetry is a full literary communication activity including production(creation),distribution and circulation(dissemination),and consumption(reception).From the perspective of reception aesthetics,the classical works of red poetry are transmitted in oral form,with a definite and a shared mode of reception,so they feature a high affinity to the people.The canonization of red poetry has borne fruit since 1949,but it also faces the gaming of two aesthetic discourses:affinity to the masses and modernity.The masses of the people and professional readers with a people's stance tend to stand up for red poetry and defend it using the criterion of affinity to the people,while elite professional readers usually reject or devalue red poetry classics from the perspective of the aesthetics of modernity.This is evident in various literature textbooks and literary anthologies and in the practice of literary criticism.However,affinity to the people and modernity are not incompatible;they are at the same time conflicting and integrated.In the New Era we need to rebuild a people's aesthetics with Chinese modernity and to reconstruct a new path for the canonization of red poetry.On the premise of adhering to affinity to the people in literature and art,we should dismantle the dichotomies of left and right,elegant and popular,and old and new;broaden the path for the canonization of red poetry;and effectively deal with the dialectical relationship between poetry's aesthetic of affinity to the people and modernity.