中国与欧盟碳市场建设理念与实践比较研究:历史沿革、差异分析与决策建议

Comparative study on the concept and practice of China and EU carbon market:Historical evolution,difference analysis and decision-making suggestions

全球越来越多国家利用市场机制作为治理气候环境的重要工具,推动了碳排放权交易市场的快速发展。迄今为止,欧盟碳市场减排成效最显著,交易规模最大;中国在提出双碳目标后也加速启动了全国碳市场建设。在梳理欧盟与中国碳市场的历史沿革与发展状况的基础上,聚焦碳市场设计的关键环节进行比较分析,剖析市场设计差异背后的深层原因,以期对中国碳市场今后的发展提供建议。中国的碳市场必须在经济发展与碳减排之间找到恰当的平衡点,逐步优化产业结构,激励行业绿色技术升级替代与低碳转型,以较小的社会成本实现减排效益的最大化,提高碳市场在实现国家碳达峰目标及碳中和愿景中应发挥的作用。

More and more countries use market mechanisms as an important tool for climate and environmental governance,which has promoted the rapid development of the emissions trading markets around the world.Among them,the EU ETS has by far the best emission reduction effect and the largest scale of transactions.China has also accelerated the construction of a national carbon market after proposing its carbon peaking goal and carbon neutrality vision.This article systematically introduces the historical evolution and development of the EU and China’s carbon markets,conducts a comparative analysis of the two markets by focusing on the key aspects of a market design.It also analyzes the underlying reasons behind the differences in market design,with a view to providing suggestions for the future development of China’s carbon market.The conclusion shows that the construction of China’s carbon market must find an appropriate balance between economic development and carbon emission reduction.In this way,the carbon market mechanism can gradually optimize the industrial structure,encourage the industry to upgrade and replace green technologies and achieve low-carbon transformation,maximize emission reduction benefits at a small social cost,and help achieve the national carbon peaking goal and carbon neutrality vision.