数字经济对就业影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Digital Economy on Employment

数字经济引领的新一轮科技革命给就业带来新的机遇和挑战。本文从就业总量、就业结构和就业质量三个方面综述数字经济对就业的影响。研究发现:从就业总量看,数字经济主要通过替代效应、补偿效应和创造效应产生影响;从就业的产业结构看,数字经济加快了劳动力从农业和制造业部门向服务业转移的趋势;从就业的技能结构看,数字经济可能导致就业技能单向极化或两端极化;从就业的性别结构看,数字经济会对就业性别差距产生影响;从就业质量看,数字经济会对工资收入和收入不平等产生影响,表现为延长劳动者工作时间,产生新就业形态,对灵活就业者的社会保障带来挑战,同时对劳动者与工作的匹配度有一定的积极影响。未来应进一步完善数字经济内涵界定和测度,探索如何结合我国国情将数字经济引入就业理论模型,将简约式方法和结构估计结合起来研究数字经济发展及相关政策对就业的影响效应和传导机制,为我国在新发展阶段实施就业优先战略和数字中国战略提供理论、实证和政策参考。

The new round of scientific and technological revolution led by the digital economy has brought new opportunities and challenges to employment.This paper reviews the impact of digital economy on employment from the three aspects of total employment,employment structure and employment quality.Existing studies have found that digital economy mainly affects the total employment through the mechanism of substitution effect,compensation effect and creation effect.From the perspective of the industrial structure of employment,digital economy has accelerated the trend of labor transfer from agricultural and manufacturing sectors to service industries.From the skill structure of employment,digital economy may lead to the one-way polarization or two-way polarization of employment skill structure.From the perspective of gender structure,digital economy has an impact on the gender gap in employment.In terms of employment quality,digital economy could further affect wage income and income inequality,extend working hours of workers,generate new forms of employment and pose challenges to the provision of social security for flexible employees,and has a certain positive impact on the matching between workers and jobs.In the future,we should further improve the definition and measurement of digital economy,explore how to introduce digital economy into employment theoretical models in combination with China's national conditions,combine reduced and structural models to study the impact and mechanism of the development of digital economy and related policies on employment,and provide theoretical,empirical and policy references for China to implement the employment priority strategy and the digital China strategy in the new development stage.