新中国中小学组织结构的变迁轨迹、逻辑特征与发展趋向

The Changing Track,Logical Characteristics and Development Trend of The Organizational Structure of Primary and Secondary Schools in New China

中小学组织结构的革新是推进基础教育治理体系与治理能力现代化的关键。结合历史背景和时代语境进行宏大的叙事方式考察,疏理新中国成立以来中小学组织结构的变迁轨迹及其逻辑特征。从变迁轨迹来看,我国中小学组织结构变迁依循了由专业化隐匿阶段的混乱结构到专业化探索阶段的权威结构,再到专业化发展阶段的韦伯机构,最后到专业化深化阶段的专业结构的演进之路。从逻辑特征来看,呈现了“权力核心—权益核心—权能核心”的权力内容演化特征、“政本固权—教本富权—人本强权”的权力取向演进特征以及“集权管理—分权协作—赋权增能”的权力操作演变特征。我国中小学组织结构的发展趋向为嵌入分权时序、创设多层权力空间、融摄新型权力范式,以发展组织的专业化、柔性化与无边界化。

The innovation of primary and secondary school organization is the key to promote the modernization of basic education governance system and governance ability.The study combines the historical background and the context of the times to investigate the grand narrative mode,and sort out the change trajectory and logical characteristics of the organizational structure of primary and secondary schools since the founding of New China.From the change track,the change of the organizational structure of primary and secondary schools in New China follows the evolution path from the fuzzy structure in the professional concealment stage to the authoritative structure in the professional exploration stage,then to Weber institution in the professional development stage,and finally to the professional structure in the professional deepening stage.From the perspective of logical characteristics,the organizational structure of primary and secondary schools in New China presents the evolution characteristics of power content of“power core-equity core-competence core”,the evolution characteristics of power orientation of“administrative priority to consolidate power-priority of teaching to enrich power-humanism to strengthen power”,and the evolution characteristics of power operation of“centralized control-decentralized cooperation-empowerment for increasing potency”.The development trend of the organizational structure of primary and secondary schools in New China is to embed the time sequence of decentralization,create a multi-layer power space and absorb a new power paradigm,so as to develop the specialization,flexibility and boundlessness of the organization.