药品不良反应报告279份分析

Analysis of 279 adverse drug reaction reports

目的分析深圳市南山区妇幼保健院药品不良反应(ADR)发生的特点与规律,为临床安全用药提供参考依据。方法回顾性收集2019年1月—2021年8月医院成功上报至国家不良反应监测系统的ADR报告279份,对ADR类型、患者的性别、年龄、涉及ADR药物类别、给药途径、发生时间、累及系统/器官及临床表现等进行统计分析。结果一般ADR 195例(69.89%),严重ADR 84例(30.11%);女性(88.89%)明显多于男性(11.11%);以15~44岁ADR多见(71.68%)。ADR共涉及12类药物80个品种,引发ADR的药物类别以生殖系统用药(30.82%)、麻醉及其辅助用药(16.13%)和抗感染药物(15.05%)为主;静脉给药所致ADR最多(43.73%);ADR多发生于用药后1 d内(60.22%);主要累及消化系统(29.60%),其次为皮肤及其附件(14.67%)。结论ADR的发生与患者年龄、药品类别及给药途径等多因素有关,临床应重视ADR监测,尤其是生殖系统用药、麻醉及其辅助用药和抗感染的监测,做好预防措施,保障患者用药安全。

Objective To analyse the characteristics and regularities of adverse drug reactions(ADR)in the Shenzhen Nanshan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,so as to provide reference for clinical safe medication.Methods Retrospectively collected 279 ADR reports successfully reported by the hospital to the National Adverse Reaction Monitoring System from January 2019 to August 2021.Conducted and analyzed the type of ADR,patient′s gender,age,type of ADR drugs involved,route of administration,time of occurrence,system/organ involvement and clinical manifestations.Results 195 cases(69.89%)had general ADR,while 84 cases(30.11%)had severe ADR;Women(88.89%)were significantly more than men(11.11%).ADR was more common at the age of 15~44(71.68%).ADR involved a total of 12 types of drugs and 80 varieties,the main types of drugs that trigger ADR were reproductive system drugs(30.82%),anesthesia and its auxiliary drugs(16.13%),and anti infective drugs(15.05%).Intravenous administration caused the most ADR(43.73%).ADR often occurred within 1 day after medication(60.22%).Mainly involved digestive system(29.60%),followed by skin and accessory(14.67%).Conclusion The occurrence of ADR is related multiple factors,including patient′s age,categories of drug and administration route.The clinic should pay attention to monitoring the ADR,especially reproductive system drugs,anesthesia and auxiliary drugs and anti-infective drugs,take preventive measures to promote safe clinical medication.