新型宏基因组/宏转录组学技术在反向病原学研究中的应用

Application of novel metagenomics/metatranscriptomics technologies in reverse etiology research

以微生物组学和宏基因组学为基础的新技术的飞跃式发展为新微生物的发现提供了无可比拟的优势。反向病原学理念公开提出后,在指导新发突发传染病的主动防控实践方面也正在发挥越来越多的作用,在公共卫生和疾病防控领域应用越来越广。新型宏基因组/宏转录组学技术进一步支撑和促进反向病原学研究,在发展评估新微生物致病潜力的理论、策略和方法方面有了一定的进展。在此,本综述梳理了新型宏基因组/宏转录组学技术在反向病原学研究中的作用实践、以及面临的挑战,期望促进人们对病原体的认识和理论技术创新。

The rapid development of new technologies based on microbiomes and metagenomics provides unparalleled advantages in the discovery of novel microorganisms.Since the publication of concept of reverse etiology,it has played an increasingly important role in guiding the active prevention and control practice of emerging infectious diseases and has been widely used in the fields of public health and disease prevention and control.New metagenomics/metatranscriptomics technologies have further supported and facilitated reverse etiology research,and some progresses have been made in the development of theories,strategies and methodologies for assessing the pathogenic potentials of novel microorganisms.This paper summarizes the role,application of new metagenomics/metatranscriptomics technologies in reverse etilogy research and the challenges in its application for the purpose of improving the understanding of pathogens and theoretical and technical innovations.