中央环保督察对人权尊重度感知的影响及其实证分析

The Impact of Central Environmental Inspections on the Perception of Respect for Human Rights and Its Empirical Analysis

发展“以人民为中心”的中国人权事业,必须高度关注广大人民群众对人权保障工作的切身感受。深化对人权尊重度感知的研究,有助于更全面地认识人权事业的实践成效。公众环境权是一种新型人权且已经成为新时代人权事业发展的重要内容。中央环保督察,作为一种权威介入式的纵向治理机制,不仅推动了地方党委政府对环境政策的贯彻落实,也强化了环境信息公开与公众环境参与,因而有助于公众环境权的实现并激发公众对人权尊重度的感知。其中,“回头看”是中央环保督察的重要构成,其实施是对前期督察工作的巩固与提升。基于世界价值观调查中国数据的实证分析表明,相比所在省份尚未经历“回头看”督察的居民,所在省份已被“回头看”的居民会更倾向于认为人权受到了充分尊重。由此可见,中央环保督察制度的推进与完善,不仅推动了生态环境质量的改善,也有助于提升公众的人权尊重度感知。

To develop China's human rights cause with a“people⁃centered”approach,we should pay close attention to the concrete experiences of the general public regarding the protection of human rights.Deepening the research on the perception of respect for human rights can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the practical achievements of the hu⁃man rights cause.Public environmental rights,as a new type of human rights,have become an important aspect of the development of the human rights cause in the new era.The central envi⁃ronmental inspection,as an authoritative and interventionist vertical governance mechanism,promote the implementation of environmental policies by local Party committees and govern⁃ments and strengthen environmental information disclosure and public participation in environ⁃mental matters.As a result,they contribute to the realization of public environmental rights and stimulate public perception of respect for human rights.Among them,the“look⁃back inspec⁃tion”is an important component of the central environmental inspection,and their implemen⁃tation consolidates and enhances the previous inspection work.An empirical analysis based on the world values survey's data for China indicates that residents in provinces that have underg⁃one“look⁃back inspections”are more inclined to believe that human rights are adequately re⁃spected compared to residents in provinces that have not undergone such inspections.It suggests that the advancement and improvement of the central environmental inspection system promote improvements in ecological environment quality and contribute to enhancing the public percep⁃tion of respect for human rights.