20 299例儿童肺炎支原体感染临床特征分析

Clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in 20299 children

目的探讨儿童肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)感染的临床特征,为MP的防控提供数据支撑。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年2月于沈阳市儿童医院就诊的呼吸道感染患儿的临床资料,分析MP阳性率、季节、年龄、性别的分布特点。结果MP阳性率为17.12%(20299/118598),2018年、2019年、2020年、2021年分别为22.92%(7732/33738)、15.76%(5736/36388)、9.81%(1313/13379)、16.60%(4954/29849);2018年、2019年MP阳性率最高季节均为夏季,分别为27.72%(1809/6527)、23.45%(1519/6478),2020年为春季(19.13%,216/1129),2021年为秋季(20.09%,1665/8287);婴儿期、幼儿期、学龄前期、学龄期四个年龄段MP阳性率分别为5.89%(605/10265)、14.35%(4639/32333)、18.51%(10961/59203)、24.37%(4094/16798),随着年龄的增大,MP阳性率增高,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1790.971,P<0.05);男童阳性率为14.70%(9586/65206),低于女童的阳性率20.06%(10713/53392),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=594.937,P<0.05)。结论MP感染一年四季均可发生,以夏秋季为主,女童易感,学龄期、学龄前期儿童感染率高,对于易感人群应及早采取防控措施,以降低MP的感染率。

Objective To explore the clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in children,and provide data support for the prevention and control of MP.Methods In this study,a retrospective analysis was used to collect clinical data with respiratory tract infection from January 2018 to February 2022 in the Shenyang Children′s Hospital,and analyze the distribution characteristics of MP positive rate,season,age,sex.Results In this study,the positive rate of MP was 17.12%(20299/118598),in 2018,2019,2020 and 2021 were 22.92%(7732/33738),15.76%(5736/36388),9.81%(1313/13379)and 16.60%(4954/29849)respectively.The highest positive rates of MP in 2018 and 2019 were 27.72%(1809/6527)and 23.45%(1519/6478)in summer,respectively,2020 was spring(19.13%,216/1129)and 2021 was autumn(20.09%,1665/8287).The MP positive rates of infancy,early childhood,preschool age and school age were 5.89%(605/10265),14.35%(4639/32333),18.51%(10961/59203)and 24.37%(4094/16798),and MP positive rate increased with age,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1790.971,P<0.05).The positive rate of boys was 14.70%(9586/65206),while that of girls was 20.06%(10713/53392),the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=594.937,P<0.05).Conclusion MP can occur all years round,mainly in summer and autumn.Girls are susceptible,especially common in school-age and pre-school children.Prevention and control measures should be taken as soon as possible for susceptible individuals to reduce the infection rate of MP.