数据产权的法律表达

On the Legal Expression of Data Rights

数据具有客观实在性、可确定性和作为劳动成果的财产属性,可以作为独立的交易客体进入市场流通,设立财产权性质的数据权因而具有正当性。为数据生产与交易提供充分激励,维系围绕数据生产加工所形成的社会分工合作和按劳分配格局,亦需要法定权利的设置。综合来看,将数据权初始配置给数据生产者最为合适。原始取得的数据权应为一种总括性权利而非分散性的权利束。国家政策文件中列举的数据产权类型重在揭示经济生活中数据生产和利用的不同形态,其在法律属性上则为数据权或从数据权中派生的权利。结合数据的电子形态和传播特性以及数据利用的方式特点,对数据权内容较为贴切的区分是访问权、复制权、使用权和处分权,并以访问权为数据权的首要权项。相应地,数据侵权规范的构建宜以保护权利人对数据访问的控制为中心。

Because of their objectivity and identifiability and their property nature as products of labor,data can be put into the market as transaction objects.Therefore,it's justifiable and necessary to establish data rights as property rights.The establishment of this kind of legal right is necessary for providing sufficient incentives for data production and transaction and maintaining the pattern of specialization of social labor and distribution according to work formed around data production and processing.On the whole,it is most proper to initially confer data rights on data producers and the originally acquired data rights should be a kind of comprehensive right,instead of a bundle of scattered rights.The types of data property rights enumerated in the state policy documents focus on revealing different forms of data production and utilization in economic life,and their legal attribute is data rights or rights derived from data rights.Given the electronic form and dissemination characteristics of data and the characteristics of data utilization,it is appropriate to distinguish among the right to access,the right to reproduction,the right to use,and the right to disposal and take the right to access as the primary right.Correspondingly,data tort rules should be structured around protecting rights-holders'control over access to data.