国家治理视野下多元解纷机制的调整与重塑

Adjustment and Remodeling of the Diversified Dispute Resolution Mechanism from the Perspective of State Governance

我国的多元解纷机制与西方的替代性纠纷解决机制具有不同的底层逻辑和迥异的政治、经济、社会、文化背景。对我国多元解纷机制的认知,应当超越西方替代性纠纷解决机制“分解诉讼压力”的功利取向,回复其作为国家治理的基础性制度安排和常态化治理实践的定位,并以此为依据,推动多元解纷机制的调整与重塑。具体而言,应在把握解纷手段一般特质的基础上,动员、汇聚、整合并运用全社会各种解纷资源,改善和拓展非讼解纷手段,增加解纷资源的总体供给;结合我国现实社会纠纷的特点及解纷的特殊需求,通过合理的制度设计,引导纠纷主体对解纷手段的选择,实现解纷需求与解纷手段的适配,尤其应当注重发挥党政组织在多元解纷机制中的主导与统筹作用,全面提升“多元一体”解纷的有效性。

The diversified dispute resolution mechanism in China has underlying logic as well as political,social,and cultural backgrounds different from those of the“alternative dispute resolution mechanism”in Western countries.To understand the diversified dispute resolution mechanism in China,we should go beyond the superficial utilitarian orientation of“distributing the pressure of litigation”of the Western ADR and return to its positioning as a basic institutional arrangement for state governance and as the normalized governance practice.On the basis of the above understanding,we should promote the adjustment and remodeling of the mechanism.More specifically,we should,on the basis of grasping the general characteristics of the means of dispute resolution,mobilize,gather,integrate and utilize various resources of the whole society to improve and expand the means of non-litigation dispute resolution and increase the overall supply of dispute resolution resources.At the same time,we should,in light of the characteristics of social disputes and the special needs of dispute resolution and through reasonable institutional design,guide the parties to disputes in their choice of dispute resolution means,so as to achieve the match between the demands and means of dispute resolution.In addition,we should attach particular importance to the leading and coordinating role played by Party and government organs in the diversified dispute resolution mechanism and comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of“diversified and integrated”dispute resolution.