孤独症谱系障碍儿童语用推理研究进展

Research Progress in Pragmatic Inference for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

语用推理是在语言交际过程中听者为准确理解说者意图,将话语融入语境进行推理的过程。语用推理是孤独症儿童进行人际交往,实现社会融合,通向文化世界的重要通路。研究发现,孤独症儿童在语用推理的内容上存在困难,体现为因果推理与意向性、心理状态推理两个方面;在孤独症儿童语用推理的加工水平上,其语用桥接推理是否存在困难尚无定论,但在语用情境推理上存在困难,且桥接推理准确性优于情境推理;在孤独症儿童语用推理的干预方式上,主要采用基于提示的结构化语言干预、基于意识的认知干预、基于游戏的同伴干预以及基于问题的直接干预等多种策略。未来研究应以孤独症儿童的全面发展为导向,进一步孤独症儿童语用推理早期干预的有效性,建构促进孤独症儿童发展的生态化支持模式。同时,教育实践中应抓住孤独症儿童语用推理的发展关键期,充分发挥孤独症儿童的个体优势,结合孤独症儿童语用推理的个体差异开展针对性教育。

Pragmatic inference is a process in which the listener accurately interprets the speaker's intention by integrating discourse into the context for inference during communication.Pragmatic inference is an important pathway for children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)to engage in interpersonal communication,social integration,and cultural access to the world.The study finthat children with ASD have difficulties in the content of pragmatic inference,which is reflected in both causal reasoning and intentional reasoning,as well as psychological state reasoning;At the processing level of ASD children's pragmatic reasoning,there is no consensus on whether there are difficulties in pragmatic bridging inference,but there are difficulties in pragmatic situational reasoning,and the accuracy of bridging reasoning is better than situational reasoning.In terms of intervention methods for ASD children's pragmatic inference,a variety of strategies are adopted,such as prompt-based structured language intervention,awareness-based cognitive intervention,game-based peer intervention,and direct problem-based intervention.Future research can be oriented towards the overall development of children with ASD,futher rerifying the effectiveness of early intervention in pragmatic inference,and constructing a ecological support model to promote their the development.At the same time,educational practice should seize the critical period of the development of the pragmatic inference for children with ASD,give full play to the individual strengths of them,and carry out targeted education by combining individual differences in the pragmatic inference of them.