孤独症个体社会奖赏加工缺陷的行为表现及神经机制

The Deficits and Neural Mechanisms of Social Reward Processing in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

社会奖赏加工是个体对社会奖赏进行注意、知觉和期待的过程。孤独症个体的社会奖赏加工缺陷主要表现为社会奖赏敏感性低、社会奖赏快感缺失、社会奖赏线索定向减少。目前,该人群社会奖赏加工缺陷的理论解释主要集中于社会动机假说、限制性兴趣过度反应假说和广泛性奖赏加工缺陷假说。孤独症个体社会奖赏加工的神经机制研究主要集中于孤独症与普通个体的比较,结果发现孤独症个体腹侧纹状体、前扣带回等脑区激活异常,中边缘奖赏回路功能连接异常。未来研究应进一步探究孤独症个体社会奖赏加工缺陷的理论解释,明确孤独症社会奖赏加工缺陷神经网络的动态机制及其形成,探索改善孤独症个体社会奖赏加工缺陷的有效干预策略。

Social reward processing is the process of attention,perception and expectation of social reward.Social reward processing deficits in autistic individuals are mainly characterized by low social reward sensitivity,social reward anhedonia,and reduced orientation of social reward cues.At present,the theoretical explanations for the social reward processing deficits in this population mainly focus on the social motivation hypothesis,the restricted interest overreaction hypothesis and the generalized reward processing deficits hypothesis.The neural mechanisms of social reward processing in autism focus on comparative studies with typically developing subjects,including abnormal activation of brain regions such as the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex,and abnormal functional connections of the mesolimbic reward pathway.Future studies should further explore the theoretical explanation of social reward processing deficits in individuals with ASD,clarify the dynamic mechanism and formation of the neural network of social reward processing deficits in individuals with ASD,and explore effective intervention strategies to improve social reward processing deficits in individuals with ASD.