劳役之殇:近代波兰衰亡的经济考量

The Tragedy of the Labor System:the Economic Reason for the Decline of Modern Poland

18世纪中后期,波兰逐渐沦为欧洲列强瓜分的对象。不善的国家治理体系和复杂的民族宗教纠纷以外,波兰的衰亡还与其劳役制庄园经济密切相关。长期依赖劳役制庄园从事谷物生产和贸易,波兰国内市场日渐失序,国家政权内外交困。随着西欧市场的缩小和外贸危机的到来,波兰的社会经济失去依靠、走向崩溃,复杂而激烈的社会矛盾以内战的形式爆发,又以亡国的结局收场。

In the middle and late 18th century,Poland gradually became the target for European powers to carve up.In addition to the failed national governance system and the complex ethnic and religious disputes,the decline of modern Poland was also closely related to its servitude manor economy.But as a result of the long dependence on servitude estates for grain production and trade,Poland's domestic market has become increasingly disordered,and the state regime was beset with troubles internally and externally.With the shrinking of the Western European market and the arrival of foreign trade crisis,Poland's social economy eventually lost its dependence and went to collapse.The complex and fierce social contradictions broke out in the form of civil war and ended in the end of national subjugation.