串联混电飞机方案设计方法及能源管理策略

Conceptual sizing method and energy management strategy of serial hybrid-electric aircraft

针对串联混电飞机,首先在给定任务需求的飞行剖面内,结合动力学特性对整机的飞行性能进行分析,将总体设计参数与各飞行段的功率能耗需求相关联,进而开展各部分组件和全机的设计选型;然后对串联混电系统中的计算逻辑和各条工作路径进行梳理和总结,讨论分析能源管理策略对方案设计的潜在影响。基于搭建的设计系统,首先针对Dornier Do 228NG飞机构型,从3个设计方面,将该方法与国外两个团队各自开发的设计方法进行对比分析,结果表明,对设计点评估的相对误差均在1.5%以内,对传统动力方案设计的各项相对误差在6%以内,而串联混电方案设计中最大起飞质量的相对误差在4%以内,验证了本文方法的可行性和有效性。其次,分析讨论了4种能源管理策略的特点和优劣势,并基于一款国外现有的串联混电飞机Panthera Hybrid,研究了不同策略下的动力系统工作特征和各项设计参数差异。其中,Light策略下的飞机起飞总质量最小,收益来源主要是起飞阶段的最大需求功率由燃油和电池动力系统同时承担,直接优化了动力系统的总质量。

For serial hybrid-electric aircraft(HEA),the flight performance of the whole aircraft was analyzed in combination with the dynamic characteristics within the given mission profile,and the overall parameters were associated with power and energy demand in each flight stage,assisting in design and sizing of each system component.Then,the calculation logic and each work path for the serial hybrid electric propulsion(HEP)system were summarized to explore the potential impact of energy management strategy(EMS)on the sizing method.Based on the established design system,a Dornier Do 228NG aircraft was selected and applied to compare the proposed method with that developed by two European teams from three design aspects.The results showed that the relative error for design point was less than 1.5%,the errors for conventional powertrain design were under 6%,and the evaluation of maximum takeoff mass(MTOM)for serial HEP design was less than 4%error.And it can verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our method.The characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of four EMS were analyzed and discussed.And based on an existing serial HEA,the Panthera Hybrid,the differences of power system working situation and design parameters under distinct strategies were studied and summarized.The results indicated that the MTOM under Light strategy was the smallest,and the benefits lied in that the maximum power demand during the take-off was taken by the fuel and battery power system at the same time,which optimized the power system weight directly.