谭嗣同的实践理性

Tan Sitong's Practice-reason

在谭嗣同的思想体系中,“仁”居于核心地位,是其实践理性的根本原则,“仁”即是本体、慈悲之心和平等,这显然与孔子所讲之“仁”已有较大不同。谭嗣同实践理性的基本规范具体体现在社会领域、家庭领域、人际交往和公共生活领域中。其实践理性的实现方式是“废军统、倡民权”“冲决伦常之罗网”和“以心挽劫”,以求达到“大同社会”的理想世界。谭嗣同的思想受到中西方两种文化的影响,在近代中国内忧外患的时代背景下显示出“批判性”“平等性”“情感性”的特征。理清谭嗣同实践理性的内在脉络可以更为直观地把握其思想的价值和不足之处。

“Benevolence”dominates Tan Sitong's ideological system and is the fundamental principle of his practice-reason.“Benevolence”is noumenon,compassion and equality,which is obviously quite different from what Confucius said about“benevolence”.Tan Sitong's basic norms of practice-reason are embodied in the fields of society,family,interpersonal communication and public life.Its practice-reason is realized by“abolishing the military system,advocating civil rights”,“breaking the net of ethics”and“robbing people with one's heart”,so as to achieve the ideal world of“Datong society”.Tan Sitong's thought was influenced by Chinese and Western cultures,and showed the characteristics of“criticism”,“equality”and“emotion”in the background of modern China's internal troubles and external aggression.Clarifying the internal context of Tan Sitong's practice-reason can more intuitively grasp the value and shortcomings of his thoughts.