收入不平等与养儿育女观——养育子女方式的经济学解读

Income Inequality and Parenting:Economic Explanation of the Way Raising Kids

文章从经济学解读的视域认为,养儿育女观和养育子女方式与一个社会的收入不平等状况密切相关。收入差距小、社会福利较为完善的社会,“宽容式”养育方式较为流行;反之,贫富差距大,使得教育、训练等人力资本投资成为孩子未来生存、成功的关键时,以成就为导向的“强化养育方式”——“权威式”更为流行。文章运用心理学流行的两个维度,聚焦收入不平等的话题,从社会、经济、历史、文化和制度等角度探索了东西方养儿育女观和教育体制的发展、演变及其原因,并讨论了收入的性别差异鸿沟——女性在家庭和事业之间的两难选择,从而期望对理解“共同富裕”政策目标和教育领域的“双减”政策提供建设性的思考。

From the perspective of economics,parenting philosophy and styles are highly corelated with income disparities of a society.“Permissive”style is popular in the well-being society with small income disparity,otherwise,in the society with great income disparity,high human capital investment in the education and training crucial for kids'future life and success,achievement-oriented“Tiger Mom”or“authoritarian”style is more popular.By focusing on two dimensions of psychology,the paper focus on income disparity.From the aspect of society,economy,history,culture and institution,the paper explores the evolutions and determinates of East-West parenting values,as well as their educational systems.Along the way,the research discusses a well-known“career-family”dilemma,as well as its associated widening gender gap——“fatherhood bonus vs.motherhood penalty”,hoping to offer some reflections on the understanding and implementation of“Common Prosperity”and“Double Reduction”policy goals.