西方国家的基础设施国际合作倡议:进展、特征及影响

Western Countries' Initiatives on International Cooperation of Infrastructure:Progress, Characteristics and Influence

西方国家为了平衡“一带一路”倡议持续提升的影响力,近年来推出了不少类似的基础设施发展合作倡议。美国拜登政府上台后试图推动西方国家在跨国基础设施领域加强协调与合作,形成一个整体上可以与“一带一路”相竞争的倡议。这方面的标志性进展,是2021年6月七国集团领导人峰会提出的所谓“重建更美好世界”(B3W)计划,以及2022年七国集团峰会重新发起的“全球基础设施和投资伙伴关系”计划(PGII)。西方国家的相关倡议在一定意义上形成了与“一带一路”倡议相竞争的态势。文章试图系统梳理西方国家相关倡议的主要进展,分析其基本特征以及对“一带一路”建设的潜在影响,从而认为,目前上述倡议在融资机制、内部共识等实施层面仍然面临重要挑战,但是很可能会在规则、话语权等方面对“一带一路”建设产生不利影响,故面对未来,可能存在三种互动的可能情景。

In order to hedge the increasing influence of the Belt and Road Initiative,some Western countries have launched many similar development cooperation initiatives on infrastructure in recent years.The Biden administration of the United States tries to promote various Western countries to strengthen coordination and cooperation in the field of transnational infrastructure,and to form an initiative that could compete with the Belt and Road Initiative.The iconic progress in this issue is the“Build Back Better World”(B3W)which was proposed at the G7 summit in June 2021,and the newly proposed“Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment”(PGII)at the G7 summit in 2022.The relevant initiatives of Western countries have formed a situation of competition with the Belt and Road Initiative.The paper attempts to sort out the main progress of related initiatives proposed by Western countries systematically,and analyze their basic characteristics and potential impacts on the Belt and Road Initiative.Our finding supports the view that the above�mentioned initiatives still face important challenges in the implementation of financing mechanisms,internal consensus and other aspects,and it is very likely that it will have an adverse impact on the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative in terms of rules and discursive power.Three scenarios of interaction between the two initiatives are simulated and analyzed.