形式之争与政治博弈——基于美国革命两百周年庆典活动筹备始末的考察

The Controversy of Forms and Political Game Based on the Review of the Preparation for the United States Bicentennial

美国历史上素有举办革命周年庆典的传统。1975—1976年举行的美国革命两百周年庆典经历了长达10年之久的筹备阶段,最初计划以在费城举办一场大型国际博览会的形式进行,但由于经济危机、城市痼疾和政府更迭等因素,这一计划最终在一片争议和反对声中宣告失败,遂以在各地举行的分散庆祝活动取而代之。美国革命周年庆典是一场全国性政治活动,它关系到美国社会中各个政治群体的利益,庆典的筹备过程也是美国国内各个政治群体施加政治影响和进行政治博弈的过程。庆典从集中的国家级活动改为分散的地区性活动的过程,反映出20世纪六七十年代美国政治、经济和社会诸多方面所发生的重大变化。

There is a tradition of celebrating the anniversary of the American Revolution in American history.The celebration of American Revolution Bicentennial,held from 1975 to 1976,went through a 10-year preparatory phase.It was originally planned to be held in the form of a large-scale international exposition in Philadelphia.However,due to factors such as economic crisis,urban rooted problems,changes in government,the plan finally failed amidst controversy and opposition.Instead,celebrations were held scattered in various places.The American Revolution Anniversary Celebration is a national political event,which is related to the interests of various political groups in American society.The preparation for this celebration is also a process in which various political groups in the United States exert political influence and engage in political games.The change of the celebration from centralized national activities to decentralized regional activities reflects the great changes that took place in many aspects of American politics,economy and society in the 1960s and the 1970s.