15分钟生活圈视角下城市公共绿地服务评价

Service Evaluation of Urban Public Green Land from the Perspective of a 15-Minute Living Circle

随着经济社会发展和生活水平提升,城市公共服务由重绝对数量转向重精细质量。供需矛盾突出、评价方法落后、精确定量化程度低等问题均影响着城市公共绿地服务评价有效性和策略针对性。现有评价方法倾向从区域整体衡量服务水平,然而通常情况下,日常生活圈才是使用者享有公共服务的主要范围,已有评价体系未能准确评估公共绿地的实际能效。以广州天河区为例,展开需求导向的15分钟生活圈视角下城市公共绿地服务评价研究,复合应用多重数据和分析方法,对城市公共绿地服务进行了多指标、多层级评价,并针对不同类型空间提出针对性优化策略。

With economic and social development and improvement of living standards,people's demands for better urban life are increasing daily.Urban public services shift attention from absolute quantity to refined quality and propose higher requirements for urban public services.Concerning the planning and construction status of urban public green space,the validity of urban public greenland service evaluation and targeting effect of the formulated strategies are challenged by various problems,such as the prominent supply-demand contradiction,backward evaluation methods,and low degree of accuracy quantization.The existing evaluation system is apt to measure the greenland service level by "quantity" in the whole region.Nevertheless,residents usually prefer nearby Greenland,and the daily living circle is the major scope that users enjoy public services.Due to such contradictions,existing evaluation systems cannot accurately assess the practical service effects of public greenland.By reviewing concepts and theoretical studies related to urban public greenland services and community living circles,it is feasible to evaluate urban public greenland service efficiency from the perspective of the daily living circle based on technical logic and technical application means.A total of 11 evaluation indicators of urban public greenland services that were used frequently were summarized through the literature review.They were classified into scale,efficiency,accessibility,and quality according to the technical guide of living circle.Specifically,scale reflects the supply level of greenland.Efficiency reflects the service ability of greenland.Accessibility reflects the time and distance cost for residents to use a greenland.Quality reflects fairness and convenience of greenland distribution.In this study,a demand-oriented urban public greenland service evaluation system from the perspective of a 15-minute living circle in Tianhe District,Guangzhou City was studied.Based on the composite application of multiple data and analytical methods,single-index multi-layer evaluation and multi-index comprehensive evaluation of urban public greenland services were analyzed.The overall status of urban public greenland was evaluated at the regional level.The spatial variation of indicators was evaluated on the street and community levels.In terms of scale,the evaluation results of Wushan Street and Keyi Community of Changxing Street in the center of Tianhe District,Xian Village Street and Liede Street in the southwest,Daguan Community of Huangcun Street in the east,and Fenghuang Community in the north were good.In terms of efficiency,the evaluation results of Wushan Street in the center of Tianhe District,Shadong Street in the west,and Huasui Road were good.In terms of accessibility,the Zhujiang New Town in the southwest and surrounding areas of Wushan Campus showed good evaluation results.In terms of quality,the evaluation results of Xintang Street,which had relatively balanced urban services,was relatively good.To summarize,there is a high urban public greenland service level in surrounding areas of Wushan in the center of Tianhe District,Huacheng Square in southwest,and Fenghuangshan Forest Park in the north;however,there is a low service level in Yuangang-Longdong Region in the northwest and ZhujiQianjin Region in the east.Through classification and evaluation of urban public greenland services,different optimization strategies were proposed for different types of regions with low urban public greenland service levels by observing the principle of inventory optimization,open,sharing,balancing,and coordination,such as optimizing layout,optimizing resource utilization ways,exploring inventory spaces,improving greenland service quality,and encouraging interactive development.Moreover,optimization suggestions were proposed from the perspective of planning formulation,design construction,and social governance.