1980~1990年代广州公园的建设史实与特点

Historical Facts and Characteristics of the Construction of Guangzhou Parks in the 1980s and 1990s

1978年改革开放后社会思潮涌动,为风景园林行业带来极大的发展机遇。1980~1990年代广州公园的建设工作受社会思潮影响较大,呈现出明显的时代特色。通过梳理相关政策条例、规划文件和会议等内容,分析该时期广州公园建设的社会情境,并结合典型案例,探讨该时期广州公园的建设特点及其转变原因。研究发现,1980~1990年代的广州公园在城市公园兴起的背景下整体呈现出中外造园文化交融、重视园林美学、重视生态建设等特点,在继承传统园林风格之余出现了西式园林风格和人文景观形式,还在园林地形、园林布局、园林建筑风格、种植设计等方面显现出了鲜明的建设特点。

Social ideologies surged after the reform and opening-up policy in 1978,bringing great development opportunities for the landscape architecture industry.During the 1980s and 1990s,the construction of parks in Guangzhou was greatly influenced by social ideologies showing distinct era characteristics.These parks are somewhat representative of parks in Lingnan and China.However,no case study on parks in Guangzhou in the 1980s and 1990s under the comprehensive social context has been reported,making it difficult to summarize the characteristics of modern landscape construction in Guangzhou.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct a case study of parks in Guangzhou during the 1980s and 1990s within a comprehensive social context,explore the internal linkages between the social environment and landscape construction,and summarize the construction characteristics of these parks.Firstly,a social context in the 1980s and 1990s was established by interpreting and analyzing relevant policy regulations,planning documents,and conferences.Secondly,four parks with characteristics of the era and high recognition in the industry,including Caonuan Park,Yuntai Garden,Guangzhou Sculpture Park,and Pearl River Park,were selected as typical cases.These four parks' general situation,overall layout,emphasis on design,and garden architectures were analyzed by combining them with construction history,and their distinctive features were interpreted.Finally,the characteristics of each case were put in the social context of the era to discuss construction characteristics and transformation reasons for parks in Guangzhou in the period.After the reform and opening-up policy,Guangzhou began to pay more attention to the construction of urban green space to meet the material environment needs of urban development,resulting in the high quantity and diversified types of parks in Guangzhou.Influenced by such a social environment,the construction characteristics and transformation reasons of parks in Guangzhou during the 1980s and 1990s mainly include the following:(1) As a response to the Western ideological trend and cultural modernization transformation brought by the reform and opening-up policy,traditional landscape culture began to transform toward modernization.As a result,the construction of parks in Guangzhou during this period blended Chinese and foreign garden cultures,including the inheritance of traditional garden culture,absorption of Western culture,and the balance between Chinese and foreign cultures.(2) The development of aesthetics after the reform and opening-up policy emphasized garden aesthetics in constructing parks in Guangzhou during this period.This covers two aspects:a combination of sculpture art and garden construction,and the enrichment of innovative plant configurations.(3) To respond to parallel economic development and environmental development by the Guangzhou municipal government after the reform and opening-up policy,significant attention to ecological construction became a characteristic of park construction in Guangzhou in this period.This included the establishment of a plant community and the protection of native vegetation.To summarize,the construction of parks in Guangzhou during the 1980s and 1990s presented distinctive characteristics in the social context of the urban park rise after the reform and opening-up policy,including the blending of Chinese and foreign garden cultures,emphasis on garden aesthetics,and emphasis on ecological construction.Parks during this period inherited not only traditional garden styles and incorporated Western garden styles and human landscape forms but also exhibited distinctive construction characteristics in topography,layout,architectural style,and planting design of gardens.Park types in Guangzhou in this period reflect China's urban cultural modernization trend,the demands of time,and social value orientation.