基于眼动实验的龙脊梯田景观审美体验研究

Landscape Aesthetic Experience of Longji Rice Terraces based on the Eye-Tracking Experiment

基于SOR模型,采用眼动追踪法,以龙脊梯田为案例地,以游客为研究对象,提出了梯田旅游景观视觉刺激、审美体验以及意向反应3个之间的假设的关系模型。综合问卷调查与眼动追踪法,共采集到45个有效样本。研究发现:(1)注视热点主要集中在特色元素、主体建筑或景观元素的交界处;聚落与建筑、生态、民族文化和农业4种景观类型对景观视觉刺激均没有显著影响;不同人口特征中,以常住地和是否有重游经历作为标准,来自农村的游客和首次游览龙脊梯田的游客在平均注视次数、眼跳频率上均具有显著差异。(2)景观视觉刺激与意向反应没有显著相关性;景观视觉刺激中的眼跳频率与平均注视点对审美体验有正向影响;问卷数据审美体验中的审美感官、审美情绪、审美精神与意向反应均呈正相关关系;审美体验在景观视觉刺激与意向反应间不具有中介作用。尝试将眼动追踪法运用于梯田景观中,从多种梯田景观类型视角,探究了旅游者的审美体验与意向反应,为龙脊梯田的文旅融合发展提供参考。

Tourism activities are becoming essential for a better life,and have great significance in meeting the people's growing demands for a better life and building the industry of a beautiful China.Based on the SOR model,the objective perception of participants was reflected through eyetracking experiments,which could greatly enrich the objective dimensions of the visual quality evaluation system.Moreover,there were relatively few research results on applying eye-tracking experiments to tourism landscapes,but none involved rice-terraced landscapes.Based on the above,a case study based on the Longji Rice Terraces in Guangxi with various landscape types was carried out to explore the landscape aesthetic experiences of tourists.The hypothetical relationship model between visual stimulation,aesthetic experience,and intentional response of terraced tourism landscape was proposed.A total of 45 valid samples were collected through a comprehensive questionnaire and eye-tracking.The results found the following:(1) The hot spots are mainly concentrated at the junction of characteristic elements,main buildings,or landscape elements.The four landscape types of settlement and architecture,ecology,ethnic culture,and agriculture had no significant effect on the visual stimulation of landscapes.Among different demographic characteristics,based on permanent residence and revisit experiences,there were significant differences between rural tourists and tourists who visited Longji Rice Terrace Landscape for the first time in terms of the average number of gazes and saccade frequency.According to gender,ethnicity,income,age,educational background,and sampling rate,there is no significant difference in test results.It can be seen from the visual characteristics of groups that participants generally have the same capture of aesthetic appreciation.(2) There was no significant correlation between the visual stimulation of landscape and intentional response.The saccade frequency and average point of fixation in visual stimulation of landscape had positive impacts on the aesthetic experience.The intentional response has positive correlations with all aesthetic senses,aesthetic emotions,and aesthetic spirit in the aesthetic experience of questionnaire data.Aesthetic experience does not mediate between visual stimulation of landscape and intentional response.It tried to apply eyetracking to terraced landscapes to explore the aesthetic experiences of tourists and intentional responses from the perspective of multiple terraced landscape types.The results can provide references for the integrated development of culture and tourism in Longji Rice Terraces.The research conclusion has some significance for the sustainable development of Longji Rice Terraces.Longji Rice Terraces provide diversified terraced landscapes through improvement measures,such as the restoration of characteristic buildings,folk culture inheritance,and ecosystem protection.However,Longji Rice Terraces have a relatively single orientation,and it generally shall be integrated with diversified aesthetics and experiences to protect connotations of ethnic culture fully.Therefore,the ethnic culture,settlement,and architectural landscape of Longji Rice Terraces should show their characteristics based on protection,and the wisdom of ecological landscape should highlight its educational significance.In this study,field eye-tracking experiments were tried,significantly enriching participant groups.It offered a new and more accurate method of studying the landscapes of the Longji Rice Terraces.The theoretical framework of tourism landscapes based on aesthetic experiences was established from psychology,aesthetics,and landscapes perspectives.The psychological dimension of the aesthetic experience of Longji Rice Terraces was verified by combining empirical and in-depth qualitative studies.With respect to the design of the eye-tracking experiment,images were selected without considering the real landscape environment.As a result,some experimental conclusions have insufficient completeness.Future studies under real landscape conditions will be conducted to optimize eye-tracking data and enrich the seasonality,abundance,and brightness of terraced landscapes.