父职参与和生育意愿

Father Involvement and Fertility Intentions

提高生育意愿和生育率是中国人口发展面临的现实和重大问题。不同于关注外部因素的研究,本文使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018年数据,聚焦家庭内部,实证研究了父职参与对生育意愿的影响。研究发现,父职参与能够显著提高生育意愿,该结论在克服内生性及一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。父职参与对生育意愿的正向效应在性别之间差异不大,但对不同世代的影响存在明显差别。提高自身生活满意度和对配偶承担家务的满意度,以及减轻“母职惩罚”在女性收入和职位晋升上的不利影响,是父职参与影响生育意愿的重要途径。进一步分析表明,父职参与在显著减少男性工作时长的同时,也显著增加了女性工作时长,但对总体工作时长的负向影响并不显著;父职参与不是简单的“看护者替代”,相较其他看护方式,父职参与对生育意愿的正向效应更加明显。因此,围绕提高育儿过程中的父职参与水平制定相关政策有助于提高生育意愿。

Improving reproductive intentions and fertility rate is currently an extremely important challenge faced by China's population development.Focusing on family internal factors,this paper uses data of the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS2018)to empirically study the impact of father involvement on reproductive intentions.The research finds that father involvement can significantly improve reproductive intentions.The positive effect on the reproductive intentions the father involvement produces does not differ between male and female individuals.But there is significantly different impact across birth cohorts in this regard.There are several mechanisms for father involvement to achieve reproductive intentions,such as improving one's own life satisfaction,enhancing satisfaction with the spouse's housework sharing,reducing the negative effects of"motherhood penalty"on women's income and job promotion.Further analysis shows that father involvement significantly reduces the men's work hours and at the same time increases the women's work hours,but the negative impact on overall work hours is not significant,and that father involvement is not a simple"substitution of care".Compared with other care modes,father involvement shows greater significant effect on reproductive intentions.Therefore,relevant policies should be formulated and implemented to promote father involvement in parenting.