苏州市居民慢性病防治素养现状及影响因素

Status and influencing factors of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of residents in Suzhou City

目的 了解苏州市居民慢性病素养现状及其影响因素,为当地预防和控制慢性病提供科学依据。方法2021年8—10月采用按规模大小成比例的概率抽样法(probability proportionate to size sampling,PPS),抽取苏州市3 000名15~69岁常住居民参与调查。数据采用χ^(2)检验、Logistic回归及列线图等方法分析。结果 共发放调查问卷3 000份,其中,失访问卷225份,回收问卷2 775份,有效问卷为2 673份,有效率为96.32%。居民慢性病防治素养水平为24.39%,其中年龄60~69岁慢性病防治素养水平最低,为13.49%;文化程度越高、收入越高的居民慢性病防治素养水平越高;职业为农民的慢性病防治素养水平最低(11.99%);患有1种及2种以上慢性病的居民慢性病防治素养水平低于无慢性病居民,分别为16.48%、17.95%和27.31%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄中以15~<45岁组为参照,45~<60岁组慢性病防治素养水平相对较高,OR值为1.797(95%CI:1.268~2.547)。职业方面,以公务员为参照,医务人员、其他事业单位人员、其他企业人员的慢性病防治素养水平相对较高,OR值分别为1.806(95%CI:1.019~3.201)、2.620(95%CI:1.325~5.181)、1.372(95%CI:1.073~1.755)。列线图显示了高年龄组、低文化程度以及农民是慢性病防治健康素养水平的主要危险因素。结论 苏州市居民的慢性病健康素养总体水平不高,其中高年龄组、低文化程度居民、农民的素养较低,建议采用合适的宣传方法,科普慢性病预防知识和技能,提高苏州市居民的慢性病防治素养水平,进一步预防和控制慢性病的发生。

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of residents in Suzhou City,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of chronic disease in this area.Methods From August to October 2021,3000 permanent residents aged 15-69 years old in Suzhou City were selected by probability proportionate to size sampling(PPS)method.The data were analyzed byχ^(2)test,logistic regression analysis,and nomogram.Results A total of 3000 questionnaires were distributed,of which 225 were lost,2775 were recovered,and 2673 were valid,with the effective rate of 96.32%.The proportion of residents with qualified literacy level of chronic disease prevention and treatment was 24.39%,among which the level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of residents aged 60-69 years old was the lowest,which was 13.49%.The higher the education level and the higher the income,the higher the chronic disease prevention and control literacy level of residents.For the occupations,the level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of farmers was the lowest,which was 11.99%.The level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of residents with one or more chronic diseases was lower than that of residents without chronic diseases,which was 16.48%and 17.95%respectively,and the diference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the 15-<45 age group was taken as the reference,and the 45-<60 age group had a relatively high level of literacy in chronic disease prevention and control,with an OR value of 1.797(95%Cl:1.268-2.547).In terms of occupation,taking civil servants as reference,the level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of medical staff,staff of other public institutions and staff of other enterprises was relatively high,with OR values of 1.806(95%CI:1.019-3.201),2.620(95%CI:1.325-5.181)and 1.372(95%CI:1.073-1.755),respectively.The nomogram showed that high age groups,low education level and farmers were the main risk factors for chronic disease prevention and control literacy level.Conclusions The overal level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of residents in Suzhou City is low,among which the high age group,residents with low education level and farmers have low literacy level.It is suggested that appropriate publicity methods should be adopted to popularize the knowledge and skills of chronic disease prevention,so as to improve the level of chronic disease prevention and control literac of residents in Suzhou City and further prevent and control chronic diseases.