中国生育观念的变迁与启示

Vicissitude of the Fertility Concept in China and Its Enlightenment

中华人民共和国成立以来,中国人的生育观念大致经历了从自然生育文化到社会生育文化、从家庭生育文化到国家生育文化再到个人生育文化两个变迁,呈现出生育观念的个人化、女性化和成本化3个特征。生育价值个体化情况下,国家的生育政策思路必须自觉地纳入社会性别意识,这一经验是更加有效地解除已婚女性生育的后顾之忧或者降低她们所承担的性别成本的基本特质,也是保护和激活育龄女性的生育热情的基本遵循。

Since the establishment of People's Republic of China,the fertility concept of the Chinese people has roughly undergone two changes from natural fertility culture to social fertility culture,from family fertility culture to national fertility culture and then to individual fertility culture,showing three characteristics of individualization,feminization and cost-orientation.In the context of individualized fertility values,social gender consciousness should be taken into account when making the country's fertility policy,which is fundamental to relieve fertility worries of married women,reduce the gender cost they undertake,and protect and activate the fertility enthusiasm of women of child bearing age.