蛋白质三维结构解析的方法

Methods for the analysis of the three-dimensional structure of proteins

三维结构是生物大分子功能分析的基础.对生物大分子的原子框架深入研究可以确定其结构、功能和进化的根源,有助于指导疾病的治疗以及靶向药物的开发.蛋白质是生命活动的物质承担者和体现者,对蛋白质结构的解析是阐明其发挥功能的分子机制的前提.从原理、发展历程及优缺点等方面对现有的4种蛋白质结构解析方法进行了简要概述,即X射线衍射法、核磁共振法、冷冻电子显微镜法以及基于大数据进行蛋白质结构预测的AlphaFold人工智能系统,旨在回顾结构生物学的发展历程,系统梳理目前蛋白质结构解析的发展现状.

Three-dimensional structure is the basis of functional analysis of biological macromolecules.In-depth study of the atomic framework,and determination of structure,function and evolutionary roots of biological macromolecules are helpful to guide the treatment of diseases and the development of target drugs.Protein is the material undertaker and embodiment of life activities.The structure analysis is the premise to clarify the function and action mechanism of protein.This paper briefly summarizes four existing methods of protein structure from the aspects of principle,development process,advantages and disadvantages,for example X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,Cryo-electron microscope and AlphaFold,which is an artificial intelligence system for protein structure prediction based on big data,in order to review the development history of structural biology and systematically sort out the current development status of protein structure analysis.