人工智能时代劳动自由面临的新型挑战及路径回应——从概念与历史的视角看

Research on Novel Challenges and Path Responses to Labor Freedom in the Era of AI from a Conceptual and Historical Perspective

基于以扬弃异化的物质生产劳动为基础,以实现人的本质力量为目的,以自由时间中的科学艺术活动为典范的马克思劳动自由内涵,人工智能或可挑战异化劳动的扬弃、人的主体性与自由时间。文章试图从唯物史观维度,将人工智能问题置于历代工业革命发展的视域中,着重阐述人工智能挑战劳动自由的新特征,即替代劳动的广泛性、机器资本化加剧与自我剥削严重,从这些特征中可发现,人工智能挑战劳动自由的根源是资本逻辑的局限性。因此,基于公有制的社会主义成为消除人工智能挑战的制度性路径;共产主义成为消除智能时代人的自我异化和私有制问题的整体性路径;国家、社会和个人等多元主体基于以人为本形成的理念成为协同消除人工智能挑战的现实性路径。

In view of the connotation of Marx’s labor freedom which is based on sublating the alienated material production labor,aiming at realizing the essential power of human beings,and taking scientific and artistic activities in free time as a model,Artificial Intelligence(AI)may challenge the sublation of alienated labor,human subjectivity and free time.This paper attempts to explore the issue of AI from the perspective of the development of successive industrial revolutions on the basis of the view of historical materialism,focusing on the novel characteristics of AI challenging labor freedom,including universality of alternative labor,the intensification of machine capitalization and serious self exploitation.From these characteristics,it can be found that the root cause of AI challenging labor freedom is the limitation of capital logic.Therefore,firstly,socialism based on public ownership will become an institutional path to eliminate the challenges of AI.Secondly,Communism will become a holistic path to eliminate the problems regarding self-alienation and private ownership of people in the era of AI.Lastly,multiple subjects such as the state,society and individuals based on people-oriented concept will become a realistic path to collaboratively eliminate the challenges of AI.