美国土壤污染责任人认定制度的构建及其启示

Responsible Person for Soil Pollution in the United States

美国土壤污染责任人认定工作始于1978年,在历经四十多年的发展后,其制度规定相对成熟。我国于2021年颁布了《建设用地土壤污染责任人认定暂行办法》,建设用地土壤污染责任人认定有了明确的法律依据,但有关规定仍需进一步完善。以《综合环境反应、赔偿和责任法案》和2017年《潜在责任人搜索手册》为例,分析美国土壤污染责任人认定制度的沿革、主要内容,提出完善我国建设用地土壤污染责任人认定制度基本思路:明确跨省建设用地土壤污染责任人认定主体;细化建设用地土壤污染责任人认定规则;加强对建设用地土壤污染行为的行政监管;优化建设用地土壤污染责任人认定异议的救济途径。

The identification of responsible persons for soil pollution in the United States began in 1978,and after more than 40 years of development,its system regulations are relatively mature.In 2021,China issued the Interim Measures for the Identification of Responsible Persons for Soil Pollution on Construction Land.There was a clear legal basis for determining the responsible person for soil pollution on construction land,but relevant regulations still need to be further improved.Based on the Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act and the Potential Responsible Person Search Manual in 2017,analyze the evolution and main content of the soil pollution liability determination system in the United States,put forward the basic ideas of improving the system of identifying the responsible person for soil pollution of construction land in China,and clarify the subject of identifying the responsible person for soil pollution of construction land across provinces;Refine the rules for determining the responsible person for soil pollution in construction land;Strengthen administrative supervision of soil pollution behavior on construction land;Optimize the relief channels for identifying dissenting individuals responsible for soil pollution in construction land.