磷酸活化对活性炭及铅炭电池性能的影响

Effect of phosphoric acid activation on the performance of activated carbon and lead carbon battery

铅炭电池兼具铅酸电池和超级电容器的优点。为进一步提高铅炭电池的性能,以稻壳为碳源、磷酸(H_(3)PO_(4))为活化剂,制备铅炭电池用稻壳基活性炭,考察浸渍比、活化温度和活化时间等参数对活性炭物化特性及铅炭电池性能的影响。控制活化参数,可改变活性炭的孔隙结构:浸渍比越高,比表面积和介孔率越大;550℃的活化温度更适用于合成高介孔率的活性炭;当活化时间在90 min以上时,微孔、介孔倾向于塌陷成大孔。在浸渍比1.00∶3.85、活化温度550℃及活化时间90 min下合成的活性炭,兼具高比表面积(1 087.6 m^(2)/g)和高介孔率(85.31%),应用于负极中,可提高铅炭电池的高倍率部分荷电状态(HRPSoC)循环寿命:循环寿命高达13 738次,是空白电极的29.9倍。

Lead carbon battery had the advantages of both lead-acid battery and supercapacitors.In order to further improve the performance of lead carbon battery,rice husk-based activated carbon for lead carbon battery using rice husk as the carbon source and phosphoric acid(H_(3)PO_(4))as the activator was prepared,the effects of parameters such as impregnation ratio,activation temperature and activation time on the physical and chemical performance of activated carbon and the performance of lead carbon battery were investigated.The controlled activation parameters changed the pore structure of activated carbon.The higher the impregnation ratio,the larger the specific surface area and mesoporosity;the activation temperature of 550℃was more suitable for the synthesis of activated carbon with high mesoporosity.When the activation time was over 90 min,the micropores and mesopores tended to collapse into large pores.The activated carbon synthesized at an impregnation ratio of 1.00∶3.85,an activation temperature of 550℃and an activation time of 90 min had both a high specific surface area(1087.6 m^(2)/g)and a high mesoporosity(85.31%),which could improve the cycle life of lead carbon battery in the high rate partial charge state(HRPSoC)when applied to the anode:the cycle life was as high as 13738 times,which was 29.9 times than that of the blank electrode.