护患及照顾者对食管癌围术期运动康复支持性照护体验的质性研究

Qualitative study on perioperative exercise rehabilitation supportive care experience:perspectives from nurses,elderly patients with esophageal cancer and their caregivers

目的了解护患及照护者对老年食管癌围术期运动康复体验,为完善该群体运动康复支持性照护策略提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取食管外科护理人员9人、老年食管癌患者14例及其主要照护者8人进行半结构化访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料进行分析。结果护患及照顾者三方对老年食管癌围术期运动康复支持性照护体验主要包括3个主题:老年患者自身障碍因素所致实践困境;老年视域下运动康复方案待优化与完善;与偏好相配适的支持形式使患者获益。结论老年食管癌患者围术期运动康复支持性照护过程中存在躯体效能低下、负性心理情绪和认知低效等方面的障碍因素,未来可从设置个性化和阶段性的康复目标、拓展运动康复内容、结合患者支持偏好等方面完善,以满足患者支持性照护需求。

Objective To understand the real experience regarding perioperative exercise rehabilitation supportive care from the perspectives of nurses,elderly patients with esophageal cancer,and their caregivers,and to provide a basis for improving supportive care strategy of exercise rehabilitation for this group of patients.Methods Purposive sampling was used to select 9 nurses working in department of esophageal surgery,14 elderly patients with esophageal cancer and 8 caregivers for semi-structured interviews.Colaizzi′s 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data.Results The perioperative exercise rehabilitation supportive care experience mainly included three themes:①practice dilemma caused by patients′own obstacles;②the current exercise rehabilitation program needed to be optimized and improved from the perspective of the elderly;③support forms that fitted elderly patients′preferences would benefit patients.Conclusion In the process of participating in perioperative supportive care of exercise rehabilitation for elderly patients with esophageal cancer,there are obstacles such as low physical efficacy,negative psychological emotion and low cognitive efficiency.Supportive care needs of patients can be met from the aspects of setting personalized and phased rehabilitation goals,expanding the contents of rehabilitation,and taking patients′preferences into consideration.