大学生听力健康信念与娱乐噪声暴露行为关系研究

Study on the relationship between college students hearing health beliefs and entertainment noise exposure behaviors

目的根据健康信念理论开发听力健康信念量表,通过调查数据分析听力健康信念得分与娱乐噪声暴露行为的关系,以及听力健康信念的影响因素。方法采取整群抽样的方法,选取医学院校大一至大四的学生作为研究对象进行问卷调查。采用t检验和单因素方差分析比较不同性别、年龄、行为组别上听力健康信念各维度的得分差异,运用多重线性回归模型探索听力健康信念的影响因素。结果2033名被调查对象,男生在感知到的听力损失的易感性、感知到的听力损失的严重性、行为线索、自我效能4个维度上得分均低于女生(均P<0.05);不同年级的大学生在感知到的听力损失的易感性、感知到的听力损失的严重性、自我效能、行为线索4个维度上得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,感知到的行为转变的障碍与耳机每日使用频率、时长、最大音量及嘈杂环境下提高耳机音量概率呈负相关,自我效能与耳机每日使用频率、时长、最大音量及嘈杂环境下提高耳机音量概率呈正相关,感知到的行为转变的好处与嘈杂环境下提高耳机音量概率呈正相关,行为线索与嘈杂环境下提高耳机音量概率呈正相关,均P<0.05。结论大学生健康信念得分不同,听力损失行为也不同。建议根据大学生健康信念不同维度的得分情况,采取针对性听力损失行为干预,促进大学生形成正确的信念和提高健康信念水平。

Objective To develop the scale of hearing health belief according to the theory of health belief,and analyze the relationship between the hearing health belief score and the entertainment noise exposure behavior through the survey data,as well as the influencing factors of hearing health belief.Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted,and students from freshmen to seniors in medical colleges were selected as the research objects to conduct a questionnaire survey.t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the scores of hearing health beliefs in different gender,age,and behavior groups,and a multiple linear regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of hearing health beliefs.Results Among the 2033 respondents,boys scored lower than girls in four dimensions:perceived susceptibility to hearing loss,perceived severity of hearing loss,behavioral cues,and self-efficacy(P<0.05).College students of different grades have statistically significant differences in their perceived susceptibility to hearing loss,perceived severity of hearing loss,self-efficacy,and behavioral cues(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicates that perceived barriers to behavior change are negatively associated with headphone usage,including daily frequency,duration,maximum volume,and the likelihood of increasing volume in noisy environments;self-efficacy is positively associated with daily headphone use frequency,duration,maximum volume,and the likelihood of increasing volume in noisy environments;perceived benefits of behavior change are positively associated with the probability of raising headphone volume in noisy environments;behavioral cues are also positively associated with the probability of raising headphone volume in noisy environments(all P<0.05).Conclusions College students health belief scores and their behaviors about hearing loss vary.Thus,targeted intervention measures should be taken according to the scores of different dimensions of college students health beliefs to promote the formation of correct beliefs of college students and the improvement of their health beliefs.